Model cell population

This section gives models for the rates of birth, growth, and death of cell populations. We seek models for (1) the rate at which biomass is created, (2) the rates at which substrates are consumed, (3) the rates at which products are generated, (4) the maintenance requirements for a static population, and (5) the death rate of cells. The emphasis is on unstructured models. 

The in vivo relevance and biological importance of in vitro observations about mast cell function, as well as the contributions of mast cells towards the expression of particular biological responses (such as various models of anaphylaxis) in vivo, can be assessed using c-kit mutant mice (e.g., WBB6Fi-FCit or mice) that virtually lack mast cell populations. Mice with mutations of c-kit [6,11] or mutations that affect KIT expression [12-14] have other abnormalities of phenotype besides a mast cell deficiency. However, the mast cell deficiency of these mice can be selectively repaired by the adoptive transfer of genetically compatible, in vitro-derived... 

In models of MND, therapeutic manipulations, manipulation of expression of selected genes in specific cell populations [15, 16], creation of chimeric animals to test whether abnormalities are cell autonomous [17], administration of trophic factors to prevent trophic cell death [18-20] and testing of a variety of drug therapies [21-24] have been used to try to ameliorate phenotypes and thus provide insights into disease mechanisms and potential treatment strategies [1, 3, 4, 15, 25, 26]. Results of these studies are being used to design novel therapies to be tested in clinical trials in humans. 

Effects on different blood cell populations can be tested in a single model. 

Cell Lines. Cell lines, derived from tissue of various species, are commercially available from tissue culture banks. These cell populations are immortalized in that they possess the capacity to permanently proliferate in culture. Such cellular models can be studied in short-term suspension (hours) or longer-term monolayer culture (days, weeks, months). Since cell lines have been extensively cultured or passaged for multiple generations, the degree or retention (or loss) of kidney-specific morphology and function is an important limitation that is not thoroughly addressed for a number of renal cell lines. One renal cell line that has been relatively well characterized is the pig kidney cell line, LLC-PK,. 

A key feature of apoptosis is that, similar to the cell cycle, the duration of apoptosis is variable and the process is asynchronous in most cell populations. Consequently, there are variable proportions of cells in distinct phases of apoptosis and a sample, collected from a culture in which apoptosis has been induced, will contain cells in all the phases of apoptosis. This could represent a major technical problem in the investigation of apoptosis and requires measurement of metabolic apoptotic changes concomitantly with established markers of apoptosis progression. Using the same cellular model described above, we investigated metabolic alterations induced by X-rays using flow cytometry and a panel of fluorochromes... 

D. Ramkrishna Statistical Models of Cell Populations. - Sh. Nagai Mass and Energy Balances for Microbial Growth Kinetics. -M.Moo-Young J. M. Scharer Methane Generation by Anaerobic Digestion of Cellulose-Containing Wastes. - B.Metz, N. W.F.Kossen,... 

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