Salt mobilisation

Figure 11.4—The n — a transition in primary amines. This transition corresponds to an increase in the weight of the mesomeric form. Absorption corresponding to this transition disappears when a proton-containing hydrogen halide is added. This effect is due to the formation of a quaternary ammonium salt that mobilises the electron pair of the nitrogen atom, which is necessary for this transition (see formula in brackets).

Rapid intravenous injection of the sodium salt of EDTA depletes blood calcium levels and produces hypocalcaemic tetany, but, carefully administered, this agent can be used to treat hypercalcaemia and to overcome digitalis-induced arrhythmia by adjusting the Ca2+/K+ balance61). The ready availability of calcium ion from extracirculatory stores enables slow (drip) infusion of sodium EDTA without untoward effects. Continued over several days, calcium is mobilised from bone and calcium EDTA is excreted in the urine but plasma calcium levels are not greatly affected62). Although it has been little explored, drip infusion of sodium EDTA,... 

To reduce this problem and reduce stress to the paint layer, methods were subsequently developed to include climate control, so that ions are mobilised and transferred to the rear support, in order to reduce salt concentration in the paint layer. This results in a more even salt distribution in deeper parts of the plaster or brick. Ideally, a new layer of plaster can be applied to the back, e.g. the supporting brick. The aim of this treatment is to ensure crystallisation within or upon this plaster, but it is difficult to achieve. Investigations nevertheless demonstrated a remarkable reduction of salt ions near the highly-vulnerable paint layer and a more even distribution in deeper parts, which may give more time to search for other solutions. Obviously this technique is restricted to relatively thin supports and cannot be applied in the case of cavity walls. 

At this point solute bands are mobilised and migrate past the detector. Mobilisation can be accomplished in either the anode or the cathode direction by either adding salt to the appropriate electrode compartment or by using pressurised flow. 

The relationship between the solubility of cadmium, lead, mercury and zinc, and pH has been discussed by Hahne and Krootje [304], and these authors have also reported results which indicate that chloride complexes may contribute to the mobilisation of ions of these metals in the soil. In areas of naturally high salinity, or where soil chloride levels have been enhanced as a result of the use of chloride-containing fertilisers, or from drainage waters containing salt, there is a likelihood of increased availability of heavy metals. 

A Factor in Hcemoglobin SyrUhesis.—Copper salts administered in micro-dosage are effective in raising the haemoglobin content of mammahan blood in some conditions of anaemia. The metal is believed to aid in the synthesis of the porphyrin nucleus of haemoglobin, and the mobilisation of stored iron. 

Blood Calcium.—-Calcium is almost absent from the red blood cells, but exists in the serum in colloidal and non-colloidal forms. For human serum the average total value is 9-11 mg. Ca per 100 ml., about 6 mg. of which are non-colloidal and diffusible. Charles (1931) reports a sex difference in serum calcium, the female value in lower animals being 3-22-5 per cent, greater than the male value. In birds this may be due to mobilisation of the salts for the egg shell. 

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