Mixture mass flow rate

It should be noted that the acceleration component is dominant in the last part of the pipe, where, because of the rapid pressure drop and the low absolute pressure, the specific volume of the gas increases sharply. This effect is more pronounced at high mass flow rates with large values of mass flow ratio, 3 (= mjm,). As shown in Figures 3.44a and 3.446, the average friction coefficient is affected by the mixture mass flow rate m, the mass flow ratio 3, and the diameter of the pipe D. The Re is defined as... 

The mixture mass flow rate is the sum of the hquid and vapor flows,... 

A mixture mass flow rate 100 kg/h contains 0.24 mass fraction acetone and 0.78 water is to be extracted by 50 kg/h of MIBK in two stages using a coimtercurrent continuous extractor. Determine the amoimt and composition of the extract and raffinate phases. 

The phenomenon of critical flow is well known for the case of single-phase compressible flow through nozzles or orifices. When the differential pressure over the restriction is increased beyond a certain critical value, the mass flow rate ceases to increase. At that point it has reached its maximum possible value, called the critical flow rate, and the flow is characterized by the attainment of the critical state of the fluid at the throat of the restriction. This state is readily calculable for an isen-tropic expansion from gas dynamics. Since a two-phase gas-liquid mixture is a compressible fluid, a similar phenomenon may be expected to occur for such flows. In fact, two-phase critical flows have been observed, but they are more complicated than single-phase flows because of the liquid flashing as the pressure decreases along the flow path. The phase change may cause the flow pattern transition, and departure from phase equilibrium can be anticipated when the expansion is rapid. Interest in critical two-phase flow arises from the importance of predicting dis-... 

Two major effects contribute to the pressure drop in horizontal flow acceleration and friction loss. Initially the inertia of the particles must be overcome as they are accelerated up to speed, and then the friction loss in the mixture must be overcome. If Vs is the solid particle velocity and ms = ps I7s( l — ) is the solids mass flow rate, the acceleration component of the pressure drop is... 

Example 15-2 Estimate the pressure gradient (in psi/ft) for a two-phase mixture of air and water entering a horizontal 6 in. sch 40 pipe at a total mass flow rate of 6500 lbm/min at 150 psia, 60°F, with a quality (a) of 0.1 lbm air/lbm water. Compare your answers using the (a) omega (b) Lockhart-... 

Three different principles govern the design of bench-scale calorimetric units heat flow, heat balance, and power consumption. The RC1 [184], for example, is based on the heat-flow principle, by measuring the temperature difference between the reaction mixture and the heat transfer fluid in the reactor jacket. In order to determine the heat release rate, the heat transfer coefficient and area must be known. The Contalab [185], as originally marketed by Contraves, is based on the heat balance principle, by measuring the difference between the temperature of the heat transfer fluid at the jacket inlet and the outlet. Knowledge of the characteristics of the heat transfer fluid, such as mass flow rates and the specific heat, is required. ThermoMetric instruments, such as the CPA [188], are designed on the power compensation principle (i.e., the supply or removal of heat to or from the reactor vessel to maintain reactor contents at a prescribed temperature is measured). 

The flow of gas-liquid mixtures in pipes and other items of process equipment is common and extremely important. In some cases the quality, that is the mass fraction of gas in the two-phase flow, will vary very little over a large distance. An example of this is the flow in many gas-oil pipelines. In other cases, boiling or condensation occurs and the quality may change very significantly although the total mass flow rate remains constant. 

The temperature at which the flame speed is measured is calculated as follows. For the approach gas temperature, one calculates what the initial temperature would have been if there were no heat extraction. Then the velocity of the mixture, which would give the measured mass flow rate at this temperature, is determined. This velocity is SL at the calculated temperature. Detailed descriptions of various burned systems and techniques are to be found in Ref. [22],... 

A plot of (m/VP2 )(TR —T0) versus TR reveals a multivalued graph that exhibits a maximum as shown in Fig. 4.51. The part of the curve in Fig. 4.51 that approaches the value Tx asymptotically cannot exist physically since the mixture could not be ignited at temperatures this low. In fact, the major part of the curve, which is to the left of Topt, has no physical meaning. At fixed volume and pressure it is not possible for both the mass flow rate and temperature of the reactor to rise. The only stable region exists between Topt to T. Since it is not possible to mix some unbumed gases with the product mixture and still obtain the adiabatic flame temperature, the reactor parameter must go to zero when TR = T. ... 

At a geothermal energy source, a mixture of 80% steam and 20% water at 140°C is available at a mass flow rate of Ikg/sec. A barometric condenser... 

MASS FLOW MEASUREMENT. The use of collectors for the determination of aerosol mass flow rates is reported. La Mer and Hochberg (10D) pass the mixture through a glass wool filter. Burgoyne and Cohen (5D) use a similar technique. A discussion of the efficiency of collector screens is given by Berly, First, and Silverman (3D). 

Here iii " and mout denote the mass flow rate of the mixture entering from the inlet and leaving from the outlet respectively. Rate of consumption and rate of production of each species A is denoted by m sed and mv d. These rates include the flux of reactants, which take part in electrochemical reactions, across the chan-nel/electrode interfaces and also the consumption and production of species due to methane reforming reaction on the anode side. Both hydrogen and carbon monoxide electrochemistry was considered and it was assumed that n2, the fraction of the current that is produced from H2 oxidation, is known. Thus the specie consump-... 

As explained in Section 2.4.1.5, if the feed is not at the same temperature as the reaction mixture, it will also produce a thermal effect proportional to the temperature difference between feed (Tp) and reaction mass (Tr), to its specific heat capacity c Pfd and to the mass flow rate ihp... 

The characteristic nozzle flow assumptions are made, i.e. the flow is laminar, steady, one-dimensional and there are no dissipative or external forces of any kind. The reacting gas is considered to be composed of fx chemical species, each of which is present at a concentration xt (moles per unit mass of mixture). The usual flow variable temperature T, density p, pressure P and velocity u then make a total of jx + 4 variables. The cross-sectional area ratio e is generally specified as a function of the axial distance z and the axial distance z along the flow direction becomes the independent variable. A mass flow rate W per unit reference... 

Similar results were obtained for extractions carried out at 170°C, 170 bar using C02 (5.3 g min" ) or dioxane - C02 mixtures (dioxane mass flow rate was kept constant and equal to... 

Using the mixture molar mass, convert to a mass flow rate ... 

Severity of the operation, according to the kinetic equation expressing the KSF. Residence time, determined from the mass flow rate of the reaction mixture and its average specific weight in the tube ... 

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