Mixing worked examples

Worked Example 5.8 The two liquids benzene and bromobenzene are mixed intimately at 298 K. At equilibrium, the pressures of the gases above beakers of the pure liquids are 100.1 kPa and 60.4 kPa respectively. What is the vapour pressure above the mixture if 3 mol of benzene are mixed with 4 mol of bromobenzene ... 

Worked Example 6.12 We need to prepare a buffer of pH 9.8 by mixing solutions of ammonia and ammonium chloride solution. What volumes of each are required Take the Ka of the ammonium ion as 6 x 10 l0. Assume the two solutions have the same concentration before mixing. 

Worked Example 7.11 Hydrogen gas is mixed with a nitrogen bath gas . The overall pressure is p. If the mole fraction of the hydrogen is expressed as 10 per cent, what is its activity ... 

Columbus, Ohio incident, 10, 158-159 Combining. See Mixing Combustion with air, screening methods, intentional chemistry, 40-il Combustor, worked examples, 120,122-124, 125... 

Water-reactive materials, screening methods, 47,49-50, 51 Worked examples, 119-134 combustor, 120, 122-124,125 intentional chemistry, 119-120,121 mixing, 128,130-132 oxygen system, 133-134 physical processing, 128,129 repackaging, 124,126-127... 

This worked example calculates G for the tempered hybrid relief sizing worked example given in Chapter 8. It uses the mixing rule for hybrids and therefore shows example Omega calculations for vapour pressure, gassy and hybrid systems. 

Example 21 Determination of stirring conditions in order to carry out a homogenization process with minimum mixing work... 

The book provides a comprehensive coverage of the subject giving a full discussion of forced, natural, and mixed convection including some discussion of turbulent natural and mixed convection. A comprehensive discussion of convective heat transfer in porous media flows and of condensation heat transfer is also provided. The book contains a large number of worked examples that illustrate the use of the derived results. All chapters in the book also contain an extensive set of problems. 

As shown in Worked Example 23.4, dimethyl oxalate is a very effective reagent in mixed Claisen reactions. 

Problem 2.5(a) (Worked Example) From the Flory-Huggins free energy per unit volume, Eq. (2-33), show that the excess chemical potential of mixing of the solvent, — yLig, in a polymer... 

A ratio of in the range 5 to 10 will usually be more than sufficient to ensure a well-mixed product. As equation (4.14) shows, short turnover times in deep beds require high gas velocities, and this may result in excessive entrainment of the finer particles. Procedures for calculating entrainment are beyond the scope of this chapter, and the reader should consult Reference 7, in which a worked example is given. Entrainment is roughly proportional to the gas velocity to the fourth power and can be drastically reduced by increasing the cross-sectional area of the column above the bed level. Alternatively, blow-back filters or gas cyclone separators can be fitted to the system, inside or outside the column, and the entrained material returned to the bed. 

Utilizing the above factors, theoretical analyses of some possible design procedures for fluidized-bed classifying and mixed-suspension classified product removal crystallizers have been presented together with detailed worked examples by Mullin and N lt (1970) and Nyvlt (1992). 

The working conditions in paper-making favour the growth of many species of micro-organisms in pulp, coating mixes, sizes and other materials used in the industry. Mildew stains on pulp, slime formation in the pulp circulation system and the decomposition of coating mixes are examples of this. 

In preparing amine buffer solutions maintained at constant ionic strength, /, by added NaCl, it is convenient to use two stock solutions. One of these contains the amine hydrochloride at a concentration A moles 1 . and sodium chloride at I — A) moles 1 . The other solution contains sodium hydroxide at a convenient concentration (say 4A—5A moles 1 ) and sodium chloride at / moles/1. Mixing the two solutions in any ratio (so long as the amount of sodium hydroxide does not exceed that of the amine hydrochloride) gives a final solution of constant ionic strength, /. (For a worked example, see (iv) below.)... 

Fester [18] has made this modification to his recipe by promoting the idea that bubbling HCI gas into the safrole/48% aq HBr reaction mix one can affect dehydration allowing dominant bromination to occur. Strike does not know if that actually works. Could be. But what Strike and Eleusis draw on are the examples given by Vogel [37 p277]. 

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