Mitochondrial dysfunction and

Pritsos, C.A. 1996. Mitochondrial dysfunction and energy depletion from subchronic peroral exposure to cyanide using the Wistar rat as a mammalian model. Toxic Subst. Meehan. 15 219-229. 

Oxidized LDL alter cellular functions role in cell death Oxidized LDL seem to be poorly degraded by lysosomal enzymes and accumulate in lysosomes altering in turn their functionality (Dean et al., 1997). It has been proposed that inhibition of oxidized LDL degradation and subsequent lipid accumulation may induce a destabilization of the acidic compartment, and lysosomal rupture with a relocation of lysosomal enzymes in the cytosol (li W et al, 1998). This process, also called endopepsis , occurs early and could precede mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death (Lossel et al., 1994). Moreover, oxidized LDL trigger a dysfunction of the intracellular proteolytic ubiquitin/proteasome pathway (early activation followed by inhibition)... 

Hipkiss, A. R. (2008c). On methionine restriction, suppression and mitochondrial dysfunction and aging. Rejuvenation Res. 11, 685-688. 

Dykens, J.A. et al. (2008) In vitro assessment of mitochondrial dysfunction and cytotoxicity of nefazodone, trazodone and buspirone. Toxicological Sciences, 10.1093/toxsci/kfh056. 

We also see increasing use for P MRS in studying mental illnesses. The ability to characterize tissue energetics (via PCr and ATP) and phospholipid metabolism (via PMEs and PDEs) in sufficiently localized brain regions should help clarify the roles of mitochondrial dysfunction and phospholipid metabolism in schizophrenia and BD, as suggested by earlier efforts... 

Lipodystrophy is not limited to patients taking protease inhibitors (992,993). Nevertheless, protease inhibitors are strongly associated with metabolic alterations and with lipodystrophy, while NRTIs are associated with low-grade lactic acidosis and less markedly with lipodystrophy. Some reports have speculated a link between mitochondrial dysfunction and lipodystrophy. It is clear, however, that the syndrome is related to total duration of antiviral therapy and inversely related to viral load. 

Nicholls D. G. (2004). Mitochondrial dysfunction and glutamate excitotoxicity studied in primary neuronal cultures. Curr. Mol. Med. 4 149-177. 

Almeida A., Heales S. J., Bolanos J. P., and Medina J. M. (1998). Glutamate neurotoxicity is associated with nitric oxide-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and glutathione depletion. Brain Res. 790 209-216. 

Ca2+ influx mediates excitotoxicity with a cascade of events involving free radical generation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and the activation of many enzymes (Table 7.1), including those involved in the generation and metabolism of arachi-donic acid (Farooqui and Horrocks, 1991,1994b Farooqui et al., 2001 Wang et al.,... 

Pereira C. F. M. and Resende de Oliveira C. (2000). Oxidative glutamate toxicity involves mitochondrial dysfunction and perturbation of intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis. Neurosci. Res. 37 227-236. 

Hashimoto M, Rockenstein E, Crews L, Masliah E. Role of protein aggregation in mitochondrial dysfunction and neurodegeneration in Alzheimer s and Parkinson s diseases. Neuromolecular Med. 2003 4 21-36. 

Irwin, W. A., Bergamin, N., Sabatelli, P., Reggiani, C., Megighian, A., Merlini, L., et al. (2003) Mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in myopathic mice with collagen VI deficiency. Nat Genet 35, 367-371. 

Albers DS, Beal MF (2000) Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in aging and neurodegenerative disease. J Neural Transm Suppl 59 133-154... 

Almeida A, Delgado-Esteban M, Bolanos JP, Medina JM (2002) Oxygen and glucose deprivation induces mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in neurones but not in astrocytes in primary culture. J Neurochem 81 207-217... 

Palacino JJ, Sagi D, Goldberg MS, Krauss S, Motz C, Wacker M, Klose J, Shen J (2004) Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative damage in parkin-deficient mice. J Biol Chem 279 18614-18622... 

Patel, M.N. (2002). Oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and epilepsy. Free Radio. Res. 36 1139-46. 

Chicco AJ, Sparagna GC. Role of cardiolipin alterations in mitochondrial dysfunction and disease. Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol. 2006 292 C33-C44. 

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