Miscellaneous Spectroscopic Methods

Many methods of analysis have been extended to polymer systems. Some techniques include the following [Pg.742]

Various methods of analyzing surfaces for chanical composition and physical texture. Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis and Auger analysis [19] are techniqnes that have been used to identily chemical species in thin films. In Rutherford backscattering spectrometry incident He ions are scattered elastically by nuclei. The energy spectrum thus obtained can [Pg.742]

Ultraviolet and Visible Microwave Spectroscopy Miscellaneous Spectroscopic Methods Summary... [Pg.391]

Miscellaneous Spectroscopy and Physical Chemistry. The photochemistry of retinal and analogues and visual pigments has been reviewed.Another review discusses flash photolysis and pulse radiolysis of some carotenoids and visual pigments.Theoretical and experimental studies of carotenoids by various spectroscopic methods have been reported. Similar studies on retinal and derivatives have also been published. ... [Pg.240]

This chapter is devoted to describing the basic aspects of the measurement, instmmentation, measurement techniques, and practical applications of potential-modulated UV-visible spectroscopy as a representative spectroelectrochemi-cal tool to characterize thin organic films on electrode surfaces and to track the kinetics of the electrode surface processes. At the same time, miscellaneous features of the measurement, which may be important for those who intend to apply for the first time the potential-modulated UV-visible spectroscopic method in their experiments, will also be included. However, because of the Hmit to the chapter length as well as the existence of superior review articles on UV-visible reflectance spectroscopy at electrode/solution interfaces [2,6-9], detailed comprehensive description is minimized. With the intention of overviewing the UV-visible spectroscopic method for the benefit of experimental electrochemists, optical issues, especially optical reflection theory, are not detailed. [Pg.48]

Miscellaneous other uses of emission spectroscopy should be mentioned. The cement and glass industries use spectroscopic methods for quality control. The food and beverage industries monitor trace element concentrations during processing. Spectroscopy is used for forensic purposes, usually to help identify samples as to source or origin. Meteorite composition also has been studied by spectroscopic methods, as have lunar samples returned to earth by astronauts. Emission spectroscopy also has served as a research tool in chemistry and physics by providing composition information on research samples. [Pg.209]

Degraded Carotenoids Physical Methods Separation and Assay N.M.R. Spectroscopy Mass Spectrometry Chiroptical Methods Electronic Absorption Spectroscopy Infrared and Resonance Raman Spectroscopy Other Spectroscopic Techniques Miscellaneous Physical Chemistry Photoreceptor Pigments Biosynthesis and Metabolism Stereochemistry Enzyme Systems Inhibition and Regulation... [Pg.297]