Miscellaneous Metal Alkyls

Hazardous properties, including toxicity, flammability, and explosive reactions of miscellaneous metal alkyls are presented in Table 32.2. 

Aldrich 1996. Catalog Handbook of Fine Chemicals. Milwaukee, WI Aldrich Chemical Company. 

Bretherick, L. 1995. Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards, 5th edition. P.G. Urben, ed. Oxford Butterworth-Heinemann. 

Bailar, J. C., H. J. Emelus, and R. S. Nyhohn. 1973. Comprehensive Inorganic Chemistry. A. F. Trotman-Dickenson, ed. Vol. 2, p. 355. Oxford Pergamon. 

Blayney, M. B., J. S. Winn and D. W. Nieren-berg. 1997. Handling diamethyhnercury. Chem. Engg. News, 75(19), May 12, 1997. 

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Some metal alkyls, especially those of heavy metals, such as dimethylmercury, tetraethyl-tin, or tetraethyllead, are highly toxic. The toxicity of these alkyls are attributed to the toxicity of the metals in the compounds. Since most metal alkyls are pyrophoric and react violently with water, any contact of these substances with the moisture in the tissues of the skin can cause severe bum. Similarly, contact with eyes can result in permanent injury. Some lower alkyls of lighter elements have low but significant vapor pressure to present inhalation risk. Their vapors can damage the respiratory tract. The hazardous properties of some selected metal alkyls of commercial applications are discussed in detail under their titled entries. Miscellaneous metal alkyls are presented in Table 32.2. 

Miscellaneous Commercial Applications. Dimer acids are components of "downweU" corrosion inhibitors for oil-drilling equipment (see Petroleum Corrosion and corrosion inhibitors). This may account for 10% of current dimer acid use (71). The acids, alkyl esters, and polyoxyalkylene dimer esters are used commercially as components of metal-working lubricants (see Lubrication). Dimer esters have achieved some use in specialty lubricant appHcations such as gear oils and compressor lubricants. The dimer esters, compared to dibasic acid esters, polyol esters and poly(a-olefin)s, are higher in cost and of higher viscosity. The higher viscosity, however, is an advantage in some specialties, and the dimer esters are very stable thermally and can be made quite oxidatively stable by choice of proper additives. 

Existing knowledge on perchloric acid and its salts was reviewed extensively in 1960 in a monograph including the chapters Perchloric Acid Alkali Metal, Ammonium and Alkaline Earth Perchlorates Miscellaneous Perchlorates Manufacture of Perchloric Acid and Perchlorates Analytical Chemistry of Perchlorates Perchlorates in Explosives and Propellants Miscellaneous Uses of Perchlorates Safety Considerations in Handling Perchlorates [1], There is a shorter earlier review, with a detailed treatment of the potentially catastrophic acetic anhydride-acetic acid-perchloric acid system. The violently explosive properties of methyl, ethyl and lower alkyl perchlorate esters, and the likelihood of their formation in alcohol-perchloric acid systems, are stressed. The instability of diazonium perchlorates, some when damp, is discussed [2],... 

Miscellaneous. Tetramethylphosphonium salts have been generated from methylenetrimethylphosphorane by treatment with acid in inert solvent, or with ammonium salts in inert solvents or in aqueous ethanol. Details have appeared of the preparation of ]8y-unsaturated ketones using lithiated phen-acylidenetriphenylphosphorane. Alkylation of the metallated ylide (32) has... 

Miscellaneous Alkyl Derivatives (Table III). Data for a number of metal... 

Many miscellaneous corrosion problems in refinery and petrochemical plants involve metal contact with strong acids, such as sulfuric used in alkylation and acid washing, hydrofluoric in alkylation, nitric from ammonia oxidation, and so on. 

Miscellaneous. 2,4,5-Trichlorothiazole reacts with propargyl alcohol to form the 2-HC=CCH20-substituted 4,5-dichlorothiazo le 4-Methylthiazole is transformed to 4-oyanothiazole by air/NH at 442°C over a Mn oxide-Cr oxide-Mo oxide catalytic mixture. 2-Mercapto-4,5-disubstituted thiazoles. are oxidised with NH,/heavy metal catalysts (or compounds thereof) to the corre-spending disulphides. The 1-(1,3-thiazol-2-yl)pyrazolid-3-ones (110 R=H, alkyl, aralkyl, Ar) oxidise with NalO to (111). The latter represent a new type of quinoid azomethine imine. ... 

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