Minerals geology applications

Bohlen S. R. and Boettcher A. L. (1981). Experimental investigations and geological applications of orthopyroxene geobarometry. Amer. Mineral, 66 951-964. 

Phase equilibrium researelt of mineral solids has revealed vital information regarding their molecular siructure. Application of knowledge gained from this research has extended into the lields of metallurgy, glass and ceramics, and a more adequate interpretation of mineral geology. 

Mustard, J. F. Pieters, C. M. (1989) Photometric phase functions of common geologic minerals and applications to quantitative analysis of mineral mixture reflectance spectra. J. Geophys. Res., 94,13619-34. 

Heaman E. M. and Parrish R. (1991) U-Pb geochronology of accessory minerals. In Applications of Radiogenic Isotope Systems to Problems in Geology, Short Course Handbook 19 (eds. E. Heaman and J. N. Eudden). Mineralogical Association of Canada, Toronto, pp. 59-102. 

Mariano AN (1988) Some further geological applications of cathodoluminescence. In Cathodoluminescence of Geological Materials. Marshall D J (ed) Unwin Hyman, Boston Mariano AN (1989) Cathodoluminescence emission spectra of REE activators in minerals. Rev Mineral 21 339-348... 

Reed 1989, Ion microprobe analysis — a review of geological applications. Mineral. 

Applications of ICP-MS cover a wide range of sample types which often make use of its excellent sensitivity and isotope ratio capabilities, such as the determination of ultra-low levels of impurities in semiconductors, long-lived radionuclides in the environment, and geochronology. ICP-MS is well suited to the determination of the lanthanide series of elements in many geological applications. Sample preparation methods are similar to those generally used for trace metals analysis however, nitric acid is favored for sample digestion because other mineral acids contain elements which cause spectroscopic in-teferences. 

Applications of geological reference samples to mineral prospecting and economic evaluation of ore potential is the only application with a history dating back before the issuance of G-i and W-i in 1951. It is an area in which data quality or lack thereof has serious economic impacts, hence the very early development of certified reference materials mentioned previously. An extensive study of the state of ore analysis was undertaken by the Institute of Geological Sciences (now the British Geological Survey). Nineteen ores and concentrates, of varied matrix, were distributed to 38 laboratories more than 1532 results were received (Lister and Galagher 1970). 

Weare, J.H., 1987, Models of mineral solubility in concentrated brines with application to field observations. In I. S.E. Carmichael and H.P Eugster (eds.), Thermodynamic Modeling of Geological Materials Minerals, Fluids and Melts. Reviews in Mineralogy 17,143-176. 

Fortune Minerals Ltd. 2008. Annual Report. Goad, R.E., Mumin, A.H., Duke, N.A., Neale, K.L., Mulligan, D.L. Camier, W.J. 2000. The NICO and Sue-Dianne Proterozoic, Iron Oxide-hosted, Polymetallic Deposits, Northwest Territories Application of the Olympic Dam Model in Exploration. Exploration and Mining Geology, 9 (2), 123-140. 

Averill, SA. 2001. The application of heavy indicator mineralogy in mineral exploration with emphasis on base metal indicators in glaciated metamorphic and plutonic terrains. In McClenaghan, M.B., Bobrowsky, P.T. Hall, GE M. Cook, S.J. (eds) Drift Exploration in Glaciated Terrain, Geological Society of London, Special Publication No. 185, 69-81. 

Paulen, R.C. McMarun, I. (eds) 2009. Application of till and stream sediment heavy mineral and geochemical methods to mineral exploration in western and northern Canada, Geological Association of Canada Short Course Notes 18. 

Paulen, R.C., 2009. Sampling techniques in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin and the Cordillera. In R.C. Paulen I. McMartin (eds.), Application of Till and Stream Sediment Heavy Mineral and Geochemical Methods to Mineral Exploration in Western and Northern Canada, Geological Association of Canada, GAC Short Course Notes 18, 41-59. 

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