Mineral sequestration

Khoo, H.H. Tan, R.B.H. (2006) Life Cycle Evaluation of CO2 Recovery and Mineral Sequestration Alternatives. Environment Progress, 25(3), 208-217. 

C02 sequestration by mineral carbonation. (From Goldberg, P., Mineral Sequestration Team Activities, Introduction, Issues Plans, Powerpoint Presentation for Mineral Carbonation Workshop August 8, 2001 sponsored byNETL. http //www.netl.doe.gov/publications/proceedings/01/minecarb/goldberg.pdf, 2001. With permission.)... 

Despite the amounts of Mg and Ca sources being vast, as mineral carbonation research continues to expand, then the need for a detailed worldwide evaluation of the amounts of suitable mineral deposits becomes more important [16]. A recently conducted evaluation of mineral reserves in the United States concluded that mineral resources are unlikely to be a limiting factor when industrial-scale mineral sequestration is considered [77]. It was estimated that there is enough... 

As the amount of CO2 stored increases, it becomes progressively more difficult to guarantee a physical barrier that prevents CO2 from returning to the atmosphere. Chemical conversion to a thermodynamically lower state would thus be desirable and is indeed possible. CO2 is the anhydrous form of carbonic acid and therefore can be used to displace weaker acids such as silicic acid. The formation of carbonates from silicates is well known as geological weathering. Thermodynamically, CO2 can be bound as a carbonate. In many instances, these carbonates dissolve in water, but some, such as magnesium and calcium carbonates, are remarkably stable as solids. Thus, mineral sequestration would provide a means of storing CO2. 

Mineral sequestration can proceed in industrial processes or underground. Industrial processes could be based on gas-solid reactions, aqueous processes, or combinations of the two. While the cost of mining, mineral preparation, and tailing disposal is well known in industry and relatively inexpensive, the chemical reaction process is still too expensive for practical implementation.The bottleneck is the slow kinetics of the process and the high cost of accelerating the process by various means. Heat treatment of serpentine, external attrition grinding, and acid dissolution have... 

Mineral carbonation is a new and, consequently, less studied method of sequestration. Mineral resources are plentiful for storing all the carbon that could ever be released in the consumption of fossil fuels. This sequestration process offers a safe and permanent method of C02 disposal, since there is almost no possibility of accidental release of C02 from the disposal site as C02 is chemically incorporated into the mineral and immobilized. Furthermore, the reactions that bind C02 to the mineral are exothermic in nature leading to the formation of thermodynamically stable carbonate forms (IPCC, 2005). 

Penner, L.R. et al., Mineralization Strategies for Carbon Dioxide Sequestration, Proceeding of 20th Pittsburgh Coal Conference, Pittsburgh, PA, September 15-19,2003. 

The implications of these mechanistic studies for our understanding of environmental iron sequestration by siderophores is as follows. The hydroxyl containing aqua ferric ions will tend to form ferri-siderophore complexes more rapidly than the hexaaqua ion and ferrous ion will be sequestered more rapidly than the ferric ion. However, once in a siderophore binding site the ferrous ion will be air oxidized to the ferric ion, due to the negative redox potentials (see Section III.D). This also means that Fe dissolution from rocks will be influenced by mineral composition (other donors in the first coordination shell) as well as surface reductases in contact with the rock, and of course surface area (4,13). 

KEYWORDS carbon sequestration, tailings, serpentinite, mineral dissolution, weathering... 

The European Climate Change Program insisting of the C sequestration, the reduced production/application of pesticides and mineral fertilizers, the improved water retention, and workability. 

Antitumor drugs cisplatin as, history, 37 175-179 platinum compounds future studies, 37 206-208 resistance to, 37 192-193 second-generation, 37 178 Antiviral agents, 36 37-38 AOR, see Aldehyde oxidoreductase Aphanothece sacrum, ferredoxins, amino acid sequence, 38 225-227 Apo-calcylin, 46 455 Apo-caldodulin, 46 449-450 Apoenzyme, 22 424 Apoferritin biosynthesis, 36 457 cystalline iron core, 36 423 Fe(III)distribution, 36 458-459 Fe(II) sequestration, 36 463-464 ferroxidase centers, 36 457-458 iron core reconstruction in shell, 36 457 mineralization, 36 25 Mdssbauer spectra, 36 459-460 optical absorbance spectra, 36 418-419 subunit conformation and quaternary structure, 36 470-471... 

The US DOE requested another 10% raise in its 2002 budget for sequestration R D to over US 20 million annually. The key areas for research include Absorption (chemical and physical) Adsorption (physical and chemical) Low-temperature distillation Gas separation membranes Mineralization and biomineralisation. 

Donahoe, R. J. (2004). Secondary Mineral Formation in Coal Combustion Byproduct Disposal Facilities Implications for Trace Element Sequestration. In Giere, R. Stille, P. (eds) Energy, Waste, and the Environment a Geochemical Perspective. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 236, 641-658. 

Dissolution of carbonate minerals does not lead to mineral trapping of C02 (Gunter et al. 1993). However, carbonate dissolution, and other mineral precipitation-dissolution reactions can impact sequestration capacity by altering the permeability of the aquifer near the injection site. 

The mineral content of the Rose Run Sandstone is similar to other deep formations that are being considered for sequestration of C02, including other Cambrian sandstones deep beneath Ohio (Janssens 1973) and the glauconitic sandstone in the Alberta Basin of Canada (Gunter et al. 1993). Like the Rose Run, these... 

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