Milled rice, uses

Milled rice is comprised of head rice, second heads and brewers rice. Unlike most grains, the primary use of rice is its direct consumption as a table food. The two other major uses are in processed foods and to make beer. Head rice is the only rice that is used for table consumption and represents —82% of the milled rice. Broken rice, which is comprised of second heads and brewers rice, is considered to be a byproduct of milling and represents —18% of the milled rice. Broken rice generally has a lower market value than head rice. Due to the relatively high cost of head rice compared with other grains, lower cost by-products of head rice production are preferred for use in processed foods and beer production. In 2004-2005, the USDA estimated that the principle outlets for milled rice in the US included 52% for direct food use,... 

Nearly 1.1 million ha of rice were planted in the US in 2012, yielding an average of 8.3 Mg ha-1 for a total production of 9.0 Tg of rice prior to milling, compared to 23 million ha planted with an average yield of 3.1 Mg ha-1 for a total of 62 Tg of wheat production, and over 39 million ha of planted maize with average yields of 7.7 Mg ha-1 for a total production of 274 Tg [11]. 

The vast majority of starch produced in the United States, either for sale as starch or for conversion to other products, is derived by the wet-milling of com. A small amount of starch is also produced by isolation from potatoes or extraction from wheat or rice flour. Current US companies involved in starch production are as follows. 

Com, tapioca, potato and wheat starches are the most commonly used starches in the US and Europe. In the US, 95% of the starch is made from corn, an amount representing 3.4% of the total com crop, excluding that wet-milled to make sweeteners (see Chapter 22) and alcohol11124 (see Chapter 2). In Europe, about 60% of the starch produced is made from com and about 20% each from potato and wheat.12 In select regions, rice, sorghum, arrowroot, sago and other starches are also used. The relative utility of these starches in foods is a function of differences in viscosity, stability to... 

Optimistic outlook-mill runs 200 days/year oil yields are up to 7 percent oil sells at US 0.185/liter, char is worth US 50/tonne gas replaces 35 liters/day of un-subsidized diesel fuel (worth US 0.25/liter) needed to run an 8 hp engine powering rice mill. Therefore the following results are obtained ... 

The production of edible-grade rice-bran oil as a byproduct of rice milling will continue to grow in many countries, including India and the US. The... 

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