Rice milling

Commercial rice dryers are nsnaUy continuous flow or multipass. The first is commonly used in large operations and consist of an upright structure into which rough 

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The three principal domestic uses for rice in 1988 were direct food (61%), processed food (18%), and beer (20%). The direct food use figure includes the conventional white milled rice plus specialty rice products (parboiled, precooked, aromatic, brown, and prepackaged mixes) shipped directly from the rice mills. The specialty products account for approximately one-fifth of the direct food use. Approximately two-thirds of the direct food use rice is ultimately distributed to consumers through retail outlets and one-third through food service outlets. 

Specific applications for such motors are rolling mills, rice mills, paper mills and cranes etc. for one or more of the following reasons ... 

Marshall W. E., Champagne E.T. Evans W.J. (1993) Use of rice milling byproducts (Hulls Bran) to remove metal ions from aqueous solution. J. Environ. Sci. Health A28, 1977-1992. 

Mills that process rice may also generate process heat, that can be used for direct heating, steam generation, mechanical power or electrical power. For every five tons of rice milled, one ton of husks with an energy content equivalent to one ton of wood is left as residue. A rice mill in Louisiana has satisfied all its power needs since 1984 from an on-site rice-husk power plant. The plant sells surplus energy to the local utility. 

Farrell, D.J. and Hutton, K. (1990) Rice and rice milling by-products. In Thacker, P.A. and Kirkwood, R.N. (eds) Nontrad-itional Feed Sources for Use in Swine Production. Butterworths, Massachusetts, pp. 339-354. 

The peripheral nervous system disease, heriheri, caused hy thiamin deficiency has heen known sporadically for nearly 1,300 years it became a major problem of public health in the Far East in the nineteenth century with the introduction of the steam-powered rice mill, which resulted in more widespread consumption of highly milled (polished) rice. Thiamin was discovered as the factor in the discarded polishings that protected against the disease. 

Waxes can increase refining losses (8). The wax content of crude oil depends on the variety of rice, milling technique, method of oil extraction, and extraction temperature (2). Extraction temperature affects both the type of wax present and its quantity (42). For example, extraction at 50° C yields two to three times more wax than extraction at 20° C. 

World rice production is greater than 500 million metric tons. Rice oil production is estimated at 722.2 thousand metric tons (Table 21). India, China, and Japan are the leading producers. More than half of rice is processed in small rice mills. This leaves approximately 20-25 million metric tons of bran available for oil production. The rice bran oil potential is, then, 3-4- million metric tons. 

In the United States, most bran is also produced in small rice mills scattered in rice production areas with insufficient bran production to justify oil extraction. 

At least five industrial-scale biomass gasifiers were available commercially from U.S. manufacturers in the 1990s. A two-stage stirred-bed gasifier is available from Producers Rice Mill Energy. The company built three gasifiers of 11 to 18 t/day capacity in Malaysia for rice hull feedstocks. Sur-Lite Corporation built small-scale, fluid-bed gasifiers of up to 10 GJ/h capacity for cotton-gin... 

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