Milk agar

Plockova, M., Stiles, J., Chumchalovd, J., Halfarova, R. (2001). Control of mould growth by Lactobacillus rhamnosus VTI and Lactobacillus reuteri CCM 3525 on milk agar plates. Czech Journal of Food Sciences, 19, 46-50. 

D (+) Galactose is a constituent of numerous polysaccharides It is best obtained by acid hydrolysis of lactose (milk sugar) a disaccharide of d glucose and d galactose L (—) Galactose also occurs naturally and can be prepared by hydrolysis of flaxseed gum and agar The principal source of d (+) mannose is hydrolysis of the polysaccharide of the ivory nut a large nut like seed obtained from a South American palm... 

Thermophilic bacteria are able to grow at 55°C. They are spore-forming bacilli that can enter milk from a variety of farm sources. Tbermophiles grow ia milk held at elevated temperatures. Their presence ia milk is determined by means of the agar plate method and iacubation at 55°C. 

MUchzucker, m. milk sugar, lactose, -agar, m. lactose agar, -saure, /. saccholactic acid (mucic acid). 

Those that precipitate methylene blue and thicken milk—e.g., Gigartina and Chondrus. Those with no effect on milk or methylene blue—e.g., Furcellaria, Hypnea, agar. 

Disc Assay - This is the simplist of the procedures and involves the placing of a standard 1/2 disc saturated with milk onto the surface of B. stearothermophilus seeded agar plate and co-incubating with suitable control discs at 55 or 64 C until well-defined zones of inhibition are obtained, usually 3-4 h. Confirmation using penicillinase-treated milk is required. Zones 14.0 mm are positive. The lower limit of detection is 0.008 units penicillin/mL. This type of assay is simple, reasonably rapid and reasonably sensitive. Quantitation is possible by using graded concentrations of penicillin in the control milk. The technique is limited, however, to 3-lactam antibiotics, primarily penicillin ( ). 

The BR-test constitutes a nonspecific screening assay for the systematic control of raw milk, which combines principles of both agar diffusion and color reduction procedures (36). In this test, the sample is introduced into a microtiter... 

The Sarcina lutea test is the official US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) test for detecting penicillin residues in milk and dairy products (41). In this test, milk samples are placed in stainless steel cylinders on an agar plate seeded with Sarcina lutea ATCC 9341. As milk diffuses into the agar, inhibitors prevent the growth of the organism, causing a zone the width of which is a measure of the antibiotic concentration. The test is sensitive to about 0.006 g/ ml penicillin G, and confirmation of positive results can be performed by the addition of penicillinase. 

Besides physicochemical methods, the use of microbiological growth-inhibition assays to test meat and milk for the presence of antibiotics residues is popular over a long period of time. These tests use antibiotic-sensitive bacterial reporter strains, such as Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus stearothermophilus var. calidolactis. These bacteria are inoculated under optimal conditions with and without sample. After culturing, results are read from visible inhibition zones or from the color change of the bacterial suspension in agar gels [6]. 

Reports on Siberian tribesmen suggest that they usually take three— one large and two small sun-dried mushrooms, often with reindeer milk or bogberry juice (similar to blueberry juice). However, the Church of the Tree of Life literature on Fly Agaric cautions potential users that "Siberian tribesmen have a far more robust constitution than most of us. It suggests that no one take any more than a single, modest-sized mushroom—at least until its effects are clearly demonstrated. 

Agar diffusion assays using tributyrin, triolein or milk fat. 

Fig. 4.2. Agar overlay assay for plastninogen activator. B16-F1 and -LS9 cells grown as isolated colonies have been overlaid with agar/milk (see text) in the presence (lower wells) or absence (upper wells) of plasminogen, to detect celt surface associated uPA activity. B16-LS9 cells clearly show a higher activity as compared to B16-F1, in which the activity is undetectable under this assay conditions (Rusciano et al., 1998a).

The environmental samples are soil, milk and crops. The reference samples are agar gel, alumina powder and liquid milk, which are all spiked with known radioisotopes. 

MILK THISTLE Silybi marianae fructus, which is the fruit of Silibum marianum (L.) Gaert, family Asteraceae. The active ingredient in the fruit is silymarin (a mixture of isomeric flavonolignans with silibinin (silybin) as the most active substance, effective as an antidote to poisoning with fly agaric (phalloi-din and a-amanitin). 

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