Migration Limits, regulatory

Taking into account the current safe level of BPA and the European Specific Migration Limit (SML) which is set at 0.6 mg/kg food, it seems to be comprehensible why the BPA-derived polymers are still authorized for food contact applications by regulatory bodies over the world. However, some countries (i.e., Canada since March 2010 and Denmark since May 2010) have decided to restrict the use of BPA-based materials in food contact products for small children (ages 0-3). 

A specific migration limit should be established for 4-NP by food safety regulatory agencies. 

The time to cleanup may actually be somewhat less than 9 years if Pb migrates down in the soil profile with the addition of EDTA, or if tillage practices serve to smooth out the hot spots. Regulatory cleanup levels are usually based on a limit that cannot be exceeded, such as 400 mg/kg, and soil concentrations would need to be analyzed to ensure compliance at the end of each year. 

The use of microcapsules in food is generally that of an additive. By regulatory definition, a food additive is any substance which becomes added to food either intentionally or unintentionally other than food itself. This includes both compounds added directly and those that are added indirectly such as migrating from packaging materials. We will limit our discussion here to direct, intentional additives. This means, for example, that the Vitamin C in orange juice is not an additive but the Vitamin C added to orange juice is. 

In order to use eqn 8.21 in practical cases the availability of data for two fundamental constants is needed (i) the partition coefficient, Kpp, of the migrating compound between the polymer P and the foodstuff or simulating liquid F and (ii) the diffusion coefficient. Dp, of the migrant in P. So far upper limits for migration amounts are needed from regulatory standpoints, predictions of worst case scenarios can start with the assumption of good solubility of the migrant in F and consequently A pp = 1 can be used. Much... 

Because A-nitrosamines are suspected of being carcinogenic to humans, all of the major regulatory bodies have laid down limits for their existence in teats and soothers. The first to do so were the Germans in 1982, followed by the FDA and Canadian authorities. EU Directive 93/11 covering the migration of both A-nitrosamine and A-nitrosatable substances came into force on 1st April 1995. The limits stated in these documents are shown in Table 12.8. 

All Subtitle C hazardous wastes are prohibited from land disposal without prior demonstration that hazardous constituent concentration levels comply with regulatory limits or that prescribed methods of treatment are used. These two criteria are intended to reduce the toxicity of the waste or substantially reduce the likelihood of migration of hazardous constituents from the waste, so that health and environmental threats are minimized. The primary method of treatment is waste combustion to destroy organic constituents. 

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