Middle East and North Africa

World Bank (2007) Making the most of scarcity accountability for better water management results in the Middle East and North Africa. MENA development report on water. IBRD 2007,... 

Added to this there is clearly a problem of worldwide energy dependence. Since the fossil fuels were created in specific circumstances where the geological conditions were favorable, the largest deposits of oil, gas and coal tend to be concentrated in particular regions of the globe (e.g. two-thirds of the world s proven oU reserves are located in the Middle East and North Africa), often characterized by political instability in their international relationships. Therefore, the price of oil is subjected to important fluctuations due to economic and geopolitical reasons [3]. 

In the inventory compiled for the International Desalination Association (IDA) by Wangnick (1998) the total capacity of installed desalination plants worldwide was estimated as equal to 22.7 x 106 m3/day, almost half of which was used in the Middle East and North Africa (http //www.membranes-amta.org/media/pdf/reliable.pdf). About 24% of the world s capacity was concentrated in Saudi Arabia, most of which derived from distillation processes. About 16% was produced in the United States by resorting to RO-treated brackish water. MSFD and RO processes made up to about 86% of the total capacity, while the remaining 14% consisted of MED, ED, and VC processes, all the minor processes amounting to less than 1%. Despite the larger number of RO plants, MSFD plants have a higher total production capacity than any other process. 

IEA (2005c). World Energy Outlook Middle East and North Africa Insights. IEA Books, Paris,... 

The domestic sheep (Ovis aries) is an ancient domesticated species, probably native to southern Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa. However, the domestic sheep has been widely kept as livestock for thousands of years, and its exact lineage is not known. Sheep are very hardy animals in alpine, boreal, and temperate cli-... 

The use of cannabis for its intoxicating effects appears to have been centered in Asia, the Middle East, and North Africa for an extended period of time before Europe was exposed to these effects in the 19th century. 

Hemoglobin S/O Arab. Co-inheritance of Hb S and Hb O Arab presents a similar or somewhat milder clinical presentation to sickle cell disease and is found in the Middle East and North Africa. 

Occurrence At present, half of the world s proven resources are in the Middle East and North Africa, the other half being divided among the U.S. (including Alaska), Canada, Venezuela, the former U.S.S.R., the North Sea area, Indonesia, Mexico, Romania, and Australia. 

The former Eastern Bloc (Eastern European) area. Middle East and North Africa developed separate test procedures with locally manufactured engines, intending to give performance levels comparable to API/UK military designations, the quality descriptors used for lubricants in these areas. The distinctive point was usually... 

KU Khalifa University, MENA Middle East and North Africa, ELL English language learner, lELTS International English Language Testing System Atman et al. 2010 Hitt etal. 2014... 

M. Abdul wahed et al. (yils.). Advances in Engineering Education in the Middle East and North Africa, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-15323-0 6... 

The resnlts confirm the resnlts of research performed on active learning methods presented in section 6.1. If the benefits of active learning are realized through more participation, more enthnsiasm, and better engagement in learning, then simulation exercises and discnssion fomms shonld be seriously considered for addition to the civil engineering cnrricnla in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. 

Loveluc, L. (March 2012). Background paper education in Egypt Key challenges. Middle East and North Africa Programme, Chatham House. 

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