Microwave integrated circuits

Soref, R, "Silicon-Based Optical-Microwave Integrated Circuits," Microwave J., 230 (May 1992). 

Planar resonators - Equation (5.11) is not only valid for dielectric resonators. Any other type of electromagnetic resonator employing dielectric parts, like metal ceramic coaxial-type resonators (e.g. used as filters in mobile phones) and microstrip or coplanar resonators (used in microwave integrated circuits) have a Q-contribution due to dielectric losses. For the latter type of resonator the dielectric losses are negligible in comparison to metallic losses, unless high temperature superconducting metallization layers are applied. 

Planar resonators and microstrip and coplanar transmission lines represent the passive elements in almost any integrated circuit technology at first, on chip integration in socalled mmics (monolithic microwave integrated circuits) with SiGe or m/v semiconducting active... 

Bismuth(ni) oxide is the most important industrial compound of Bi and is found naturally as the mineral bismite. Bismuth(III) oxide has attracted interest as optical coatings, metal-insulator semiconductor capacitors, microwave integrated circuits and as material for solid oxide fuel cells . At room temperature, monoclinic o -Bi203 is the stable form and possesses a polymeric layer structure. 

J. Fang, Absorbing boundary conditions applied to model wave propagation in microwave integrated-circuits, IEEE Trans. Microzu. Theory Tech., vol. 42, no. 8, pp. 1506-1513, Aug. 1994.doi 10.1109/22.297813... 

The varied devices previously discussed may be combined with other active or passive circuit elements to make integrated circuits. The major of ICs using III-V materials are Digital ICs, monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMICs) and opto-electronic integrated circuits (OEICs). 

GaAs MMICs Monolithic microwave integrated circuits have been fabricated using ion implantation. This renders feasible the fabrication of monolithic phased array radars. These circuits incorporate active devices, RF circuitry, and bypass capacitors (53-54). 

A. R. Jha and R. Goel, Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit (MMIC) Technology and Design, Norwood, MA Artech House (1989). 

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