Microscopy techniques computer control

Sandies were collected from bottom ash, cyclone ash and hot filter dust in some of the CFB test runs carried out with straw. The samples were analysed by light microscopy and electron microscopy. With the first method, an overall inspection was carried out in order to monitor agglomerates and their form. Afterwards, cross-sections were prepared for the electron microscopic analysis (SEM), in which the CCSEM (computer controlled electron microscopy) technique was applied. These analyses were carried out at VTT Manufacturing Technology. In this analysis, sample particles were analysed for their size and chemical composition. 

Watt, J., 1998. Automated characterisation of individual carbonaceous fly-ash particles by computer controlled scanning electron microscopy Analytical methods and critical review of alternative techniques. Wat. Air Soil Pollut. 106 309-327. 

Among the variety of micro-analytical techniques used, electron probe X-ray micro-analysis (EPXMA) and computer controlled scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray detection (CC-SEM/EDX) are most commonly used. Both can be used in fully automated mode, and in combination with cluster analysis and/or multivariate techniques. They are ideally suited for the analysis of representative numbers (300-1000... 

For the detailed study of reaction-transport interactions in the porous catalytic layer, the spatially 3D model computer-reconstructed washcoat section can be employed (Koci et al., 2006, 2007a). The structure of porous catalyst support is controlled in the course of washcoat preparation on two levels (i) the level of macropores, influenced by mixing of wet supporting material particles with different sizes followed by specific thermal treatment and (ii) the level of meso-/ micropores, determined by the internal nanostructure of the used materials (e.g. alumina, zeolites) and sizes of noble metal crystallites. Information about the porous structure (pore size distribution, typical sizes of particles, etc.) on the micro- and nanoscale levels can be obtained from scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy ( ), or other high-resolution imaging techniques in combination with mercury porosimetry and BET adsorption isotherm data. This information can be used in computer reconstruction of porous catalytic medium. In the reconstructed catalyst, transport (diffusion, permeation, heat conduction) and combined reaction-transport processes can be simulated on detailed level (Kosek et al., 2005). 

Crystal reaction study mechanistic tools, 296 computer simulation, 297 electronic spectroscopy, 298 electron microscopy, 298 electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), 299 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 298 Raman spectroscopy, 299 Crystal reaction study techniques crystal mounting, 308 decomposition limiting, 309 polarized IR spectroscopy, 309 temperature control, 308 Cycloreversions, adiabatic photochemical involving anthracenes, 203 excited state properties of lepidopterenes, 206... 

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