Microbial cellulose digestion

Figure 1. The effect of gamma irradiation of hemlock sawdust on certain of its chemical constituents and on its susceptibility to rumen microbial action in vitro. ADF = acid-detergent fiber ADL = acid-detergent lignin CD = cellulose digestion DMD = dry matter disappearance...

The fact that the shape of BNC pellicles can be designed by choosing the appropriate reactor form and function (i.e., static or agitated cultivation), allows production of fleeces of several centimeters height, films/patches, spheres, and hollow tubes as those shown in Figure 2.6 [13]. Hollow tubes have potential use as replacement of blood vessels or other tubular structures such as the ureter, the trachea, or the digestive tract [46]. Based on studies on animal models, hollow microbial cellulose tubes have been reported to be biocompatible, especially with blood, and to have exhibited high durability [67]. 

Wan, C., Li, Y. (2010). Microbial delignification of com stover by Ceriporiopsis sub-vermispora for improving cellulose digestibility. Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 47, 31-36. 

Animal Nutrition. Sulfur in the diets of mminant animals is beneficial to the animals growth (see Eeedsand FEED ADDITIVES). Sulfur increases feed intake, cellulose and dry matter digestion, and the synthesis of microbial protein. This results in increased meat, milk, and wool production (43). The special uses for sulfur in agriculture demonstrate a significant and continuing need for increased use of sulfur (44). 

Most often, the rates for feedstock destruction in anaerobic digestion systems are based upon biogas production or reduction of total solids (TS) or volatile solids (VS) added to the system. Available data for analyses conducted on the specific polymers in the anaerobic digester feed are summarized in Table II. The information indicates a rapid rate of hydrolysis for hemicellulose and lipids. The rates and extent of cellulose degradation vary dramatically and are different with respect to the MSW feedstock based on the source and processing of the paper and cardboard products (42). Rates for protein hydrolysis are particularly difficult to accurately determine due the biotransformation of feed protein into microbial biomass, which is representative of protein in the effluent of the anaerobic digestion system. 

D. Ramkrishna Statistical Models of Cell Populations. - Sh. Nagai Mass and Energy Balances for Microbial Growth Kinetics. -M.Moo-Young J. M. Scharer Methane Generation by Anaerobic Digestion of Cellulose-Containing Wastes. - B.Metz, N. W.F.Kossen,... 

Both pilot-plant and plant-scale processes for cellulose hydrolysis or digestion by acids, enzymes, and microorganisms have been built (I, 7,15,27). Acid and enzyme processes usually have as their objective the production of a sugar syrup, while the microbial process usually results in microbial protein for animal feed. Figure 10 is illustrative of a microbial process (29) that has been developed to convert the unused cellulosic material in manure to recycle feed. Similar processes have been developed... 

Cell walls are biochemically rather inert with reduced digestibility to many organisms because of their complex cellulose, pectin, and lignin molecules. Callose and lignin are often accumulated at the site of infection or wounding (6,7) and form a penetration barrier. Synthesis of inhibitory proteins (e.g., lectins, protease inhibitors) or enzymes (e.g., chitinase, lysozyme, hydrolases, nucleases) that could degrade microbial cell walls or other microbial constituents would be protective, as well as synthesis of peroxidase and phe-nolase, which could help inactivate phytotoxins produced by many bacteria and fungi. These proteins are either stored in the vacuole... 

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