Microbial cells, living

Microbial cells living in biofilms are much more difficult to eradicate or control than suspended cells. Yet the susceptibility of biofiim cells to antibiotics and industrial antimicrobial agents is rarely assessed. In part, this is due to convention and, in part, because standard testing protocols against suspended cultures... 

The resultant fermentation broth was centrifuged to harvest the microbial cells, and they were washed with water and centrifuged a second time, whereupon a living cell paste was obtained. (There was obtained an amount of cells equivalent to 54 parts on a dry basis, which contained 920 /Jg of ubiquinone-10 per gram of dry cells.)... 

Synthesis of industrial chemicals by microbial cells may be by fermentation (free, living cells), immobilised growing cells, immobilised resting cells or immobilised dead cells. 

The successful application of (living) microbial cells as catalysts for C-H bond oxy-functionalization depends on the correct handling of the biological reagent. Meth-... 

The health-promoting effect of lactobacilli was first hypothesized by Metchnikoff at the beginning of the last century (Metchnikoff 1905). In the last four decades there have been growing attempts to improve the health status of the indigenous intestinal flora by living microbial adjuncts, probiotics. Salminen and coworkers (1999) proposed that probiotics are microbial cell preparations or components of microbial cells that have beneficial effect on the health and well-being of the host. The probiotics do not have to be viable as nonviable forms of probiotics have also been shown to exert health-promoting effect. 

In microbial fuel cells living microorganisms serve as bio catalysts for the conversion of chemical energy to electricity. Since the majority of microorganisms are electrochemically inactive some early microbial fuel cells required the use of artificial electron-shuttling com-... 

In some cases it is necessary to know the total number of microbial cells present, i.e. both living and dead, e.g. in vaccine manufacture dead and... 

A bioreactor is a device that transforms raw materials into products by means of biological processes conducted by enzymes or living cells.Bioreactors are frequently called fermenters when they generate a product by means of microbial cells, because the growth of microbes in a vessel is commonly called fermentation. There are several different bioreactor designs that can be customized to a desired process.The processing conditions in a reactor, such as temperature, pH, and aeration, depend on the aspects of a particular... 

An enzyme product for cell wall degradation was developed, by which the number of living microbial cells in meat products could be reduced. The product has been tested on pilot-plant scale with good results. 

There have been several reports of passive diffusion of NH3 in free-living microbial cells as well Suzuki et al. (56) measured the effect of pH on whole-cell oxidation rates of NH4 to NO2" by Nitrosomonas europaea and concluded that NH3 was the form that moved across the cellular membrane to the intracellular oxidation site. This conclusion was based on the questionable assumptions of equal concentrations across... 

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