Microbes immobilisation

It is well known that pine enzymes change then behaviour and stability when they are immobilised. In the past two decades the immobilisation of microorganisms, cells and parts of cells has gradually been introduced into microbiology and biotechnology. The cell immobilisation techniques are modifications of the techniques developed for enzymes. However, the larger size of microbes has influenced the techniques. As for immobilised enzymes, two broad types of method have been used to immobilise microorganisms attachment to a support and entrapment. 

In general, when enzymes (or microbes) are immobilised for use in engineering systems a significant decrease in overall activity is observed. The decrease may be ascribed to three effects ... 

Assuming that the local rate of enzyme reaction follows Michaelis-Menten kinetics, or that the microbe film follows Monod kinetics regardless of immobilisation, then equation 5.86 becomes ... 

Mielgo I, Palma C, Guisan JM et al (2003) Covalent immobilisation of manganese peroxidases (MnP) from Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Bjerkandera sp. BOS55. Enzyme Microb Technol 32 769-775... 

Gekas VC (1986) Artificial membranes as carriers for the immobilisation of biocatalysts. Enzyme Microb Technol 8 450 -61... 

Illanes A, Altamirano C, Zuniga ME (1996) Thermal inactivation of penicillin acylase in the presence of substrate and products. Biotechnol Bioeng 50 609-616 Illanes A, Altamirano C, AUlapan A et al. (1998a) Packed-bed reactor performance with immobilised lactase under thermal inactivation. Enzyme Microb Technol 23 3-9 Illanes A, Wilson L, Altamirano C et al. (1998b) Reactor performance under thermal inactivation and temperature optimization with chitm-immobilized lactase. In Ballesteros A, Plou F, Iborra JL et al. (eds). Stability and stabilization of biocatalysts. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 27-34 Illanes A (1999) Stability of biocatalysts. Elect J Biotechnol 2 1-9... 

Recent studies have explored different mechanisms of antimicrobial action by designing hybrid nanomaterials that provide a new approach to killing microbes. One option employs a low-cost methodology to prepare nanosized copper-PANI nanocomposite materials with enhanced antibacterial and antifungal properties. Copper oxide nanocrystals immobilised in a PANI matrix coated onto fabrics for the improvement of antimicrobial activity could be an excellent application in coating technology. 

Hulst AC, Tramper J. Immobilised plant cells A literature survey. Enzyme Microb Technol 1989 11 546-58. 

For end-of-pipe clean-up situations it is possible to immobilise living microbes onto inert supports. The whole matrix can be used similar to an... 

Can be applied to continuous flow effluents using immobilised microbes... 

Immobilised microbes probably cannot match efficiency of traditional ion-exchange resins... 

J., and Sola, C. (2000) Highly enantioselective esterification of racemic ibuprofen in a packed bed reactor using immobilised Rhizomucor miehei lipase. Enzyme Microb. Technol., 27, 157 166. doi 10.1016/S0141-0229(00)00207-6... 

B.T. Bulawayo, R.A. Dorrington, S.G. Burton, Enhanced operational parameters for amino acid production using hydantoin-hydrolysing enzymes of Pseudomonas putida strain RUKM3s immobilised in Eupergit C, Enzym. Microb. Technol. 40 (2007) 533-539. 

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