Microbes, control

Tetzlaff, R. Aseptic process validation. Particulate Microb. Control 1983, 2 (5), 24-38. 

Fig. 38. The temperature- (time) dependent functions assumed to describe the relative seasonal change in effective transport rate >e and NH4 production rate R [Eqs. (6.1), (6.7), (6.8)]. The maximum value for each is taken as that occurring at 22°C in the models. Apparent activation energies of II and 18 kcal/mole were used for >e (macrofauna controlled) and R (microbe controlled).

Retention-aid chemicals may be added, as well as defoamers (e.g. fatty-acid compounds), pitch-control agents, optical brighteners (usually stilbene derivatives) and, in some cases, fibre deflocculants. Different slimicides are also added to the stock for microbe control. A number of chemicals can be used for this purpose, such as 1,5-pentanediol, 2,2-dibromo-3-nit-rile propionamide, 2,2-dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide, 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one + 2-methyl-4-iso-thiazolin-3-one (Kathon CG) or glutaraldehyde. 

Damage already inflicted by microbes cannot be undone even by very large additions of microbicides. Since the concentrations of active ingredients normally required for microbe control in general are not sufficient to inactivate exogenic enzymes and thus to prevent enzymatic degradation processes, steps should be taken very... 

Because of its antimicrobial activity, acrolein has found use as an agent to control the growth of microbes in process feed lines, thereby controlling the rates of plugging and corrosion (see Wastes, industrial). 

Degradation or Transformation. Degradation or transformation of a herbicide by soil microbes or by abiotic means has a significant influence not only on the herbicide s fate in the environment but also on the compound s efficacy. Herbicides that are readily degraded by soil microbes or other means may have a reduced environmental impact but may not be efficacious. Consider the phenomenon of herbicide-resistant soils. In these cases, repeated application of a given herbicide has led to a microbial population with an enhanced ability to degrade that herbicide (252,253). This results in a decrease or total loss of the ability of the herbicide to control the weed species in question in a cost-effective manner. 

Most microbes in cooling systems can be controlled by chlorine or bromine treatment if exposed to a sufficient residual for a long enough time. A free chlorine residual of 0.1—0.5 ppm is adequate to control bulk water organisms if the residual can be maintained for a sufficient period of time. 

Nonoxidizing Antimicrobials. Nonoxidizing antimicrobials usually control growths by one of two mechanisms. In one, microbes are inhibited or killed as a result of damage to the ceU membrane. In the other, microbial death results from damage to the biochemical machinery involved in energy production or energy utilization. 

Although many of the effects of microbes on metal are associated with growth this is not necessarily so because a biomass once established may cease to increase but continue its chemical activities often at an accelerated rate, once the controls on growth are relaxed. 

Sodium benzoate is used in acidic foods and products to control bacteria, mold, yeasts, and other microbes. It interferes with their ability to make energy. 

Laver G, Garman E (2002) Pandemic influenza its origin and control. Microbes Infect 4 1309-1316... 

J. M. Costa and J. E. Loper, Characterization of siderophore production by the biological control agent Enterohacter cloacae. Mol. Plant Microb. Interact. 7 440 (1994). 

Plant-Microbe Interactions and Biological Control, edited by Greg J. Boland and L. David Kuykendall... 

The control test tube should not receive any additional materials. Being careful not to pick up other microbes by laying down equipment, add about 3 mL of Penicillium culture to the appropriate test tube. Add about 3 mL of... 

After extensive research, followed by numerous full-scale trials, BIM/Cellkem found the way to inhibit/ deactivate catalase and take control over the microbes. During this work we tried almost every biocide one can dream of. 

How to get control over the microbes instead of letting them mess up your process ... 

Something that can keep the microbes on an acceptable and controllable level. 

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