Microalgae collections

The occurrence of toxic compounds in plant tissues is not necessarily related to allelopathy. Allelopathy should be evidenced through experiments in which a toxic product is shown to be released from the putative aggressor, and arrives at the putative victim in functional concentrations under reasonably natural conditions (Inderjit and Callaway 2003). First of all, laboratory experiments dealing with allelopathy should demonstrate the release of a compound in the medium. Two methods to collect allelchemicals released by laboratory cultures of macrophyte or microalgae are described in Sections 5 and 6. 

Since the early Japanese studies on DSP, the toxins in mussels and scallops were suspected to be different. The main diarrhetic toxin found in scallops was found to be a mixture of 7-(9-acylderivatives of dinophysistoxin-1 (DTX-1), ranging from tetradecanoic acid (C14 0) to docosahexaenoic acid (C22 6to3), and designated as dinophysistoxin-3 (DTX-3) (Yasumoto et al. 1985). These acylated forms have never been found in marine microalgae, and so it was presumed that they originated in the bivalve by acylation (Lee et al. 1989). Direct evidence of this biotransformation by shellfish was obtained by artificially feeding scallops with D. forth collected from the sea (Suzuki et al. 1999). 

Lang, I., Hodac, L., Friedl, T., Feussner, I, (2011). Fatty acid profiles and their distribution patterns in microalgae a comprehensive analysis of more than 2000 strains from the SAG culture collection. BMC Plant Biol, lliX), 124. 

Living microalgae starter cultures are available from selected algal culture collections and other commercial suppliers (Table 4.2). Whilst there is stUl some exchange of microalgal strains between hatcheries, the industry is much more tuned to the importance of quahty control in the microalgae... 

Table 4.2 Culture collections and suppliers of living microalgae cultures, for commercial or research purposes...

BLACKBURN S I, FRAMPTON D M F, JAMESON I D, BROWN M R, MANSOUR M P, NEGRI A P, NICHOLS P D, PARKER N S, ROBERT S S, BOLCH C J and VOLKMAN J K (2005). The CSIRO collection of living microalgae An Australian perspective on microalgal biodiversity and applications, in Kasai F, Kaya K and Watanabe M M (eds), AZga/ Culture Collections and the Environment. Hadano-shi Tokai University Press, 29-63. 

Croci L, Cozzi L, Suffredini E, Ciccaglioni G, Toti L, Milandri A. Characterization of microalgae and associated bacteria collected from shellfish harvesting areas. Harmful Algae 2006 5 266-74. 

Tables 6 contains, respectively, the properties of FAMES collected from the literature and the results of the prediction of quality parameters of oleaginous yeast and microalgae (Lacerda et al. 2013) compared with the American, European, and Brazilian standards. The values of heat of combustion (HC), index of oxidative stability (OSI) and iodine value (II) are out of limits imposed by these standards, however, the values of density (p), viscosity (u) and cetane number (CN) are within it. Even though the indexes are slightly out of bounds, the biodiesel obtained from Chlorella vulgaris and Lipomyces starkeyi may still be used as fuel.

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