Micro-refrigerator

Leaf cuttings were tested for heat resistance by 5 min heating in an aquatic ultra-thermostat (5), for cold resistance they were frozen for 5 min in a micro-refrigerator (6). Temperature inducing cytoplasmic coagulation in 50% of the palisade cells (LTcq) was taken as the value of thermoresistence. The value oi thermostability of PSA membranes was the temperature (Tq ) corresponding to the 50%... 

It is the manufacturing technology - exemplified by the micro-turbines discussed above - that is important to both microelectronics and micro-intensified processes, and those involved in the latter can learn much from the former. See, for example, Helvajian, 1999. The links between refrigeration cycles and electronics thermal control has also spawned some micro-refrigerators that can incorporate PI technology (see Section 11.2). 

Research includes the design of micro heat exchangers for micro refrigerators dedicated to the cooling of electronic components. 

A micro supply curve of conserved energy for a large commercial refrigerator. Each step represents a conservation measure. The numbers above the steps are keyed to the measure descriptions in the legend. Note that measures 1-4 are cost-effective because the cost of conserved energy is less than the energy price. If energy prices rise, then measures 6 and 7 may also become cost-effective. 

Wu PY, Little WA (1984) Measurement of the heat transfer characteristics of gas flow in fine channel heat exchangers used for micro-miniature refrigerators. Cryogenics 23 415 20... 

The collision of elongated bubbles has been studied by Revellin et al. (2008) along adiabatic glass micro-channels of 509 and 709 pm internal diameters for refrigerant R-134a. A model for the collision of elongated bubbles in micro-channels was proposed to predict the bubble length distribution at the exit of the microevaporator. 

A theoretical model for the prediction of the critical heat flux of refrigerants flowing in heated, round micro-channels has been developed by Revellin and Thome (2008). The model is based on the two-phase conservation equations and includes the effect of the height of the interfacial waves of the annular film. Validation has been carried out by comparing the model with experimental results presented by Wojtan et al. (2006), Qu and Mudawar (2004), Bowers and Mudawar (1994), Lazareck and Black (1982). More than 96% of the data for water and R-113, R-134a, R-245fa were predicted within 20%. 

Lee J, Mudawar I (2005b) Two-phase flow in high-heat-flux micro-channel heat sink for refrigeration cooling applications. Part II heat transfer characteristics. Int J Heat Mass Transfer 48 941-... 

Maranzana G, Perry I, Maillet D (2004) Mini and Micro-channels Influence of axial conduction in the wads. Int J Heat Mass Transfer 47 3993 004 Platzer B, Plot A, Maurer G (1990) Thermophysical properties of refrigerants. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York... 

Weislogel MM, Lichter S (1998) Capillary flow in an interior corner. 1 Eluid Mech 373 349-378 Wu PY, Little WA (1984) Measurement of the heat transfer characteristics of gas flow a fine channels heat exchangers used for microminiature refrigerators. Cryogenics 24 415 20 Xu X, Carey VP (1990) Film evaporation from a micro-grooved surface an approximate heat transfer model and its comparison with experimental data. J Thermophys 4(4) 512-520 Yarin LP, Ekelchik LA, Hetsroni G (2002) Two-phase laminar flow in a heated micro-channels. Int J Multiphase Flow 28 1589-1616... 

Lee et al. (2003) tested the effects of boiling, refrigeration, and micro-wave heating on ground flaxseed macaroni quality. Boiled macaroni and boiled-refrigerated-microwave-heated macaroni exhibited similar appearance attributes. Cooked firmness values were highest with boiled macaroni,... 

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