Micro-organisms diatoms

The carbon cycle is not at all dependent on the presence of animals or plants. It could continue in the presence of micro-organisms alone and with special intensity in the oceans where the photosynthesis is eight times more intense than that due to land plants. This marine photosynthesis is due to the presence of Diatoms and the Dinoflagellates of phytoplankton. Figure 100 shows a carbon cycle which is entirely microbial in character. 

R. L. Brown, L. Burnelle, M. A. A. Clyne, F. Kaufman and J. C. Polanyi have provided us with the results of their researches prior to publication. F. Kaufman and H. I. Schiff have aided with comments on parts of this paper. F. R. Gilmore, M. A. A. Clyne, E. A. Ogryzlo and B. A. Thrush have kindly provided figures. Professor Polanyi, the Chemical Kinetics Information Center (NBS), the Micro-wave Spectra Data Center (NBS) and the Diatomic Molecule Spectra and Energy Level Center (NBS) have supplied us with an abundance of reference material. The organization of the bibliography, tabular material and the typescript has been done by Mrs. M. C. Peter. To all of these we express our appreciation. 

Marine water nutrients concentration is responsible for phytoplankton structure variation. Therefore, the quantities of organic substance (Table 1) in 2001 and 2002 have triggered growth of non-diatom species, given that most of micro-algal consumers of organic substance are mixotrophic species of microalgae, which predominated in the respective time span. 

It is well known that a variety of organisms are able to produce intricately patterned species-specific siliceous materials and that they are able to do so with great fidelity. In order to understand the role(s) that biomolecules play in the formation of nano- and micro-structured biosilica, organic material associated with biosilica has been isolated, identified and studied. To date, the main focus has been a variety of investigations of R5 (in both its modified and unmodified forms) and its ability to form silica in vitro. The R5 peptide is a nineteen amino acid sequence which corresponds with silaffin-lAi of the diatom Cylindrotheca fusiformis. In order to study the role of biomolecules in (bio)silicification, we have chosen to systematically study the silica forming ability of three peptides derived fi om the diatom C. fusiformis - namely, Rl, R2, and R5. The R1 peptide is a thirty three amino acid... 

In order to understand the roles that biomolecules play in the fabrication of nano- and micro-structured biosilica, organic material associated with biosilica was identified, isolated and studied. In addition to some earlier studies, the following recent findings are of particular importance. Several proteins isolated from plants, diatom species (silafFins) and sponges (silicateins) have previously been shown to facilitate the in vitro polymeri tion of silica from a silicon catecholate complex, tetramethoxysilane (TMOS) and tetra-ethoxysilane (TEOS), respectively. Bioextracts from plants Equisetum talmateia and Equisetum arvense have been isolated from biosilica. These... 

Like the division into essential and non-essential elements, the above classic division into micro- and macro-elements that is based solely on the physical mass of an element within an organism has undergone considerable modification in modern plant, animal and human physiology. Additions have had to be made to the list of macroelements for certain groups of organisms. For example, the element silicon must be regarded as a macro-element for horsetails and diatoms. Moreover, conditions at particular sites often lead to element-specific or organism-specific accumulation... 

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