Meyer periodic table development

This system of nomenclature has withstood the impact of later experimental discoveries and theoretical developments that have since the time of Guyton de Morveau and Lavoisier greatiy altered the character of chemical thought, eg, atomic theory (Dalton, 1802), the hydrogen theory of acids (Davy, 1809), the duahstic theory (Berzehus, 1811), polybasic acids (Liebig, 1834), Periodic Table (Mendeleev and Meyer, 1869), electrolytic dissociation theory (Arrhenius, 1887), and electronic theory and modem knowledge of molecular stmcture. 

The closet precursor to Mendeleev s table in both chronological and philosophical toms was developed by Julius Lothar Meyer, a German chemist, in 1864. Although Meyer stressed physical rather than chemical properties, his table bears remarkable similarity to the one that Mendeleev would develop five years later. For a number of reasons, Meyer s prominence in tlte history books never matched Mendeleev s. There was an untimely delay in the publication of his most elaborate periodic table, and, perliaps more important, Meyer—unlike Mendeleev—hesitated to make predictions about unknown elements. 

Our modem periodic table was developed independently in the late 1860s by Dimitri Mendeleev (Russian) and Julius Lothar Meyer (German). At that time, about 60 elements had been discovered, but nothing was known about atomic stracture. Lothar Meyer and Mendeleev had to work with elemental molar masses and other known elemental properties. 

Two chemists in attendance at the Karlsruhe were Julius Lothar Meyer (1830-1895) and Dmitri Mendeleev (1834-1907). These two independently developed the periodic law and constructed their own versions of the periodic table. Meyer based his table primarily on the physical properties of the elements. Meyer plotted atomic volume against the atomic mass and noticed the periodicity in volumes of the elements. Other physical properties also showed periodic trends. Figure 6.2 shows how the melting point of the first fifty-five elements rises and falls in a roughly periodic fashion as atomic number increases. Based on his analysis, Meyer published his periodic table in 1870. 

To repeat the thought processes of Mendeleyev and Meyer in the development of the periodic table... 

Many atomic masses were determined as a direct result of Dalton s postulates and the work that they stimulated, and scientists attempted to relate the atomic masses of the elements to the elements properties. This work culminated in the development of the periodic table by Dmitri Mendeleyev (1834-1907) (Figure 3.8) and independently by Lothar Meyer (1830-1895). Because Mendeleyev did more with his periodic table, he is often given sole credit for its development. 

When these elements were eventually discovered, and because his system agreed with one developed independently by the German chemist Lothar Meyer in 1864, Mendeleev achieved widespread fame. The Periodic Table of the Elements provided a unifying system for classifying and understanding the elements and their function in the composition of matter. 

INTRODUCTION AND SECTION 7.1 The periodic table was first developed by Mendeleev and Meyer on the basis of the similarity in chemical and physical properties exhibited by certain elements. Moseley established that each element has a unique atomic number, which added more order to the periodic table. We now recognize that elements in the same column of the periodic table have the same number of electrons in their valence orbitals. This similarity in valence electronic structure leads to the similarities among elements in the same... 

The path of discovery of the elements belonging to the group termed rare earth elements was particularly confused and chaotic. It started 200 years ago, in 1787, and it closed in 1947 with the discovery of promethium. The rare earth elements cannot be properly and decently arranged in any of the numerous periodic tables of chemical elements developed since Mendeleev and Meyer, and though the modern... 

Building on Dalton s atomic theory, the concept of chemical structure continued to be developed and refined leading, in 1874, to the concept of stereoisomerism developed by van t Hoff and Le Bel [9]. Perhaps, the most important achievement during the latter half of the nineteenth century was the development of the Periodic Table of the elements by Mendeleev [10] and Meyer [11], both of whom were students of Robert Bunsen. The form of Mendeleev s classification, which is the progenitor of today s modem Periodic Table, is based on atomic mass. However, Meyer s work, which was based on valency, also contributed to its development. 

Mendeleev, Dmitri Ivanovich (1834-1907) Russian chemist. Mendeleev is remembered for developing the periodic table of chemical elements in a classic paper published in 1869 entitled On the Relation of the Properties to the Atomic Weights of Elements. Other scientists such as Julius Lothar Meyer and John Newlands had similar ideas at about the same time but Mendeleev developed his ideas much more fully, including the predictions of the existence and properties of hitherto unknown elements such as gallium, scan-... 

Meyer plots the atomic volume (atomic weight divided by density) of each element against its atomic weight and shows that elements whose chemical properties are similar appear in similar positions on the waves of the curve. Russian chemist Dmitry Mendeleyev publishes the first periodic table for chemical elements. He writes, The properties of the elements are in periodic dependence upon their atomic weight. His table shows how the elements are related to each other and how increasing atomic weight affects their chemical reactivities. Gaps in the table indicate elements yet to be discovered and predict their properties. Mendeleyev coins the term transition element British chemist Sir William Perkin develops synthetic alizarin for manufacture from the madder plant. 

Think, for a moment, how remarkable this is. Mendeleev and Meyer developed their periodic tables from the physical and chemical properties of the elements. They knew nothing of electrons, protons, nuclei, wave functions, or quantized energy levels. Yet, when these things were found some 60 years later, the match between the first periodic tables and the quantum mechanical model of the atom was nearly perfect. 

Mendeleev and Meyer developed their periodic tables by trying to organize some recurring physical and chemical properties of the elements. Some of these properties are examined in this section. 

A historical perspective on the development of the modern periodic table is both interesting and important. A Russian chemist by the name of Dimitri Mendeleev is generally credited with the development of the first periodic table, although a German chemist, Lothar Meyer, working independent of Mendeleev at approximately the same time, did much the same work. Their... 

What specifically were the properties that Mendeleev and Meyer observed leading up to the development of their periodic tables What specific properties are we talking about when we say that elements in a given family have similar properties What specific descriptions can be given for elements within a family... 

The idea of a chemical combination as being due to electrical forces has a long history in chemistry. It is probably not unfair to attribute to Berzelius the early development of the important ideas here, but the rise of organic chemistry, in which the combination was not obviously of an electrical kind, led to the eclipse of his approach the theory of types and the theory of radicals both bid to replace it. Atomic structme seems first to have been related to valency when both Mendeleev and Lothar Meyer observed, independently, in the late 1860s how valency was correlated with position in the periodic table. In his 1881 Faraday lecture, Helmholtz... 

---