Amphetamine methylenedioxy

Fig. 3 Concentrations reported for amphetamine-like compounds in surface water of different European and American countries. AM amphetamine MDA 3,4-methylenedioxy amphetamine MDMA 3,4-methylenedioxy methamphetamine (ecstasy) MA methamphetamine N/A Values not availabe, not measured...

Braun, U. Shulgin, A.T. and Braun, G. Centrally active N-substituted analogs of 3,4-methylenedioxyphenylisopropylamine (3,4-methylenedioxy-amphetamine). J Pharm Sci 69 192-195, 1980. 

Evans, S.M., and Johanson, C.E. Discriminative stimulus properties of ( )-3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, and ( )-3,4-methylenedioxy-amphetamine in pigeons. Drug Alcohol Depend 18 159-164, 1986. 

In 1985, Seiden and his coworkers reported that 3,4-methylenedioxy-amphetamine (MDA) caused a decrease in brain 5-HT and 5-HIAA concentrations 5-HT uptake was also compromised (Ricaurte et al. 1985). We compared the effects of the methylenedioxy derivatives of METH and amphetamine on the serotonergic and dopaminergic parameters previously demonstrated as altered by METH administration (Stone et al. 1986). 

Mokler, D.J. Robinson, S.E. and Rosencranx, J.A. 3,4-Methylenedioxy-amphetamine produces long-term reductions in brain 5-hydroxytryptamine in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 138 265-268, 1987. 

The analogs of current concern include 3,4-methylenedioxy-amphetamine (MDA) and 3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy, Adam, X, Stacy). 

Nichols, D. E., and Kostuba, L. J. (1979) Steric effects of substituents on phenethylamine hallucinogens. 3,4-(Methylenedioxy)amphetamine analogues alkylated on the dioxole ring. J. Med. Chem., 22 1264-1267. 

Methylenedioxy-amphetamine. . . enhances intellectual and emotional thinking, together with an increase in the level of fluency and attention, at dose levels less than those required for the appearance of imagery and perceptual distortion. 

FIG U RE 11.1 Effect of supporting gas atmosphere on collision cross section of six amphetamines in four gases. Although the core ion (MH ) is the same in each gas, adducts and associations are influenced distinctly by each gas. Differences in cross section will lead to differences in mobility. The substances are as follows AM, amphetamine MA, methamphetamine EA, ethylamphetamine MDA, 3,4-methylenedioxy amphetamine MDMA, 3,4-methylenedioxy methamphetamine and MDEA, 3,4-methylenedioxy ethylamphetamine. (From Matz et al.. Investigation of drift gas selectivity inhigh resolution ion mobility spectrometry with mass spectrometry detection, J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 2002, 300-307. With permission.)... 

Complications of drug analysis were successfully resolved by the combination of TLC with MALDI-MS. TLC combined with MALDI-MS was used for analysis of psychotropic drugs (3,4-methylenedioxy methamphetamine, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy methamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxy amphetamine, methamphetamine, p-hydroxy methamphetamine, amphetamine, ketamine, caffeine, chlorpromazine, triazolam, and morphine) in biological samples [42]. This technique was able to analyze 3,4-methylenedioxy methamphetamine (MDMA) and its metabolites in urine samples without sample dilution, and the detection limit of the MDMA spot was 0.05 ng/ spot. Crecelius and coworkers described the use of TLC with MALDI-MS/MS for the structural analysis of small drug molecules [43]. This method was successfully applied to analyze two representatives of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (tenoxi-cam and piroxicam), and pharmaceutically active compound UK-137,457 and one of its related substances UK-124,912. The feasibility of UTLC-atmospheric pressure (AP)-MALDI-MS was described for the analysis of small molecules (triazole, midazolam, verapamil, and metaprolol) [44]. The authors compared the selectivity and sensitivity between UTLC- and HPTLC-AP-MALDI-MS. It was observed that UTLC plates provided 10-100 times better sensitivity in MALDI analysis than the conventional... 

Davis, W. A., H. T. Hatoum, and L. W. Waters. 1987. Toxicity of MDA (3,4-methylenedioxy-amphetamine, considered for relevance to hazards of MDMA (Ecstasy) abuse. Alcohol DrugRes. 7 123—134. 

B. Sagmuller, B. Schwarze, G. Brehm, S. Schneider, Application of SERS spectroscopy to the identificationof (3, 4-methylenedioxy)amphetamine in forensic samples utilizing matrixstabi-... 

---