Methyl methacrylate homopolymerization

Several radical copolymerizations of vinyl 2-furoate with well-known monomers (50 50) were also studied. Complete inhibition was obtained with vinyl acetate, very strong retardation with styrene, vinyl chloride and acrylonitrile methyl methacrylate homopolymerized without appreciable decrease in rate. It is evident that the degree of retardation that vinyl 2-furoate imposes upon the other monomer depends on the stability of the latter s free radical. With styrene and vinyl chloride the small amounts of fairly low molecular-weight products contained units from vinyl 2-furoate which had entered the chain both through the vinyl bond and through the ring (infrared band at 1640 cm-1). 

Haddleton, D. M., et al. (1997). Identifying the nature of the active species in the polymerization of methacrylates inhibition of methyl methacrylate homopolymerizations and reactivity ratios for copolymerization of methyl methacrylate/n-butyl methacrylate in classical anionic, alkyUithium/trialkylaluminum-initiated, group transfer polymerization, atom transfer radical polymerization, catalytic chain transfer, and classical free radical polymerization. Macromolecules, 30(14) 3992-3998. 

Bamer-Kowollik C, Vana P, Davis TP. Laser-induced decomposition of 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone and benzoin in methyl methacrylate homopolymerization studied via matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Polym Sci A Polym Chem 2002 40 675-681. 

Sutterlin 22.), Figures 4,5, and 6, styrene and methyl methacrylate (MMA) homopolymerizations in a batch reactor at 80 °C with various amounts of added surfactant. 

In this paper the GPC interpretation underlying the kinetic model of methyl methacrylate polymerization previously publMied and by now shown to be useful is detailed and updated. It provides a prime example of the conventional experimental use of GPC in homopolymerization studio. 

Homopolymerization of ethyl 4-vinyl-a-cyano-p-phenylcinnamate with AIBN in benzene gave a soluble polymer of inherent viscosity 0.2 djf,/g. There was no evidence for involvement of the tetra-substituted double bond in the polymerization. Copolymerizations with styrene and methyl methacrylate were also successful. 

The product involves a combination of homopolymerization and graft polymerization of a monomer such as methyl methacrylate to wood. 

If one combines all of this information, one can develop a scheme to account for all of these observations. There is a competition for initiator in the reaction of SBS with methyl methacrylate some is used to initiate the homopolymerization of the monomer and some is used to remove an allylic hydrogen from the SBS chain. Once both of these sites are initiated, they will both compete for monomer. In the other three cases the initiator can once again initiate both the polymer and the monomer. For these monomers the reactivity of the... 

In connection with the cause of the field influences on the cationic homopolymerization, it is interesting to study how free radical polymerizations are affected by an electric field. Table 1 shows that both the polymer yield and the degree of polymerization were not affected at all by the field, though the intensity was much higher than that applied to cationic systems. The situation was the same for free radical polymerizations of styrene by benzoylperoxide (72), and of methyl methacrylate by benzoylperoxide and azobisisobutyronitiile (77). 

The copolymerization equation is valid if all propagation steps are irreversible. If reversibility occurs, a more complex equation can be derived. If the equilibrium constants depend on the length of the monomer sequence (penultimate effect), further changes must be introduced into the equations. Where the polymerization is subjected to an equilibrium, a-methylstyrene was chosen as monomer. The polymerization was carried out by radical initiation. With methyl methacrylate as comonomer the equilibrium constants are found to be independent of the sequence length. Between 100° and 150°C the reversibilities of the homopolymerization step of methyl methacrylate and of the alternating steps are taken into account. With acrylonitrile as comonomer the dependence of equilibrium constants on the length of sequence must be considered. 

One can describe the copolymerization of a-methylstyrene and methyl methacrylate with Equations 5 and 33. Equation 5 reflects only a mathematical approach, whereas Equation 33 takes into account the polymerization-depolymerization equilibrium investigated in the homopolymerization of a-methylstyrene. 

Sodium bisulfite-china clay proved to be an efficient initiator for homopolymerization and graft polymerization of methyl methacrylate onto cellulose. Grafting reactions using ceric ammonium sulfate, sodium bisulfite-soda lime glass or -china clay are inhibited or retarded on adding soda lignin to the grafting medium. 

Homopolymerization reactions were also carried out with the use of methyl methacrylate monomer. 

Figure 2. Homopolymerization of methyl methacrylate in presence of china clay or glass. Key (china clay) X—X, sodium bisulfite freshly prepared O—O,...

The free radical initiated homopolymerization of acrylonitrile and methyl methacrylate in the presence of zinc chloride was characterized by an increase in the reaction rate and the molecular weight with increas-... 

The most significant observation in the radical copolymerization of methyl methacrylate with vinylidene chloride in the presence of zinc chloride is the increase in the Q and e values of methyl methacrylate, the increase in the rx value of methyl methacrylate, and the decrease in the r2 value of vinylidene chloride (30). Although it has been proposed that these results arise from the increased reactivity of the complexed methyl methacrylate monomer, a more likely explanation is the homopolymerization of a methyl methacrylate-complexed methyl methacrylate complex accompanied by the copolymerization of methyl methacrylate with vinylidene chloride. 

The free radical copolymerization of methyl methacrylate or acrylonitrile in the presence of zinc chloride with allylic compounds such as allyl alcohol, allyl acetate, and allyl chloride or butene isomers such as isobutylene, 1-butene, and 2-butene is characterized by the incorporation of greater amounts of comonomer than is noted in the absence of zinc chloride (35). Analogous to the radical homopolymerization of allylic monomers in the presence of zince chloride, the increase in the electron-accepting capability of the methyl methacrylate or acrylonitrile as a result of complexation results in the formation of a charge transfer complex which undergoes homopolymerization and/or copolymerization with a polar monomer-complexed polar monomer complex. 

Acid Effects in UV Comonomer Grafting of Methyl Methacrylate. The UV grafting of methyl methacrylate dissolved in methanol to cellulose is complicated by the degree to which competing homopolymerization occurs. The problem most often encountered is the solidification... 

From the data reported in Tables II-IV, it is apparent that the essential limitation in grafting methyl methacrylate, under the present conditions, is the degree to which competing homopolymerization occurs. In practice, the yields, especially above 50%, can be erratic and irre-producible because of this problem. The difficulty can be overcome if a styrene comonomer procedure is used (Table V), leading to high, re-... 

Homopolymerization of a vinylic monomer (styrene, methyl methacrylate) in the presence of polysulphide yields a block copolymer [39]... 

Several attempts at the free-radical (benzene, 1% AIBN, 100 h, 55 °C) and anionic (1 4 THF-benzene, n-butyllithium-18-crown-6 complex [16, 17], -78 °C) polymerization of IPTMSK afforded only traces (<2 %) of a viscous product. Free-radical copolymerization of IPTMSK with methyl methacrylate (MM A) (50 mol % MM A, benzene, 0.5% AIBN, 100 h, 45 °C) resulted in a low yield (<10 %) of a copolymer composed mainly of MMA units and, as indicated by the IR (Figure 1C) and NMR data, of largely decomposed IPTMSK units. The presence of IPTMSK during copolymerization with MMA significantly decreased the molecular weight of the resulting copolymer. These results suggest that IPTMSK is incapable of homopolymerization by either a free-radical or an anionic mechanism. 

Jagodic et al. (1975, 1976) also studied the effect of the HLB of emulsifying agents in the emulsion homopolymerization of methyl methacrylate, ethyl acrylate, and acrylonitrile and in the emulsion copolymerization of methyl methacrylate and ethyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate and... 

Mono-Cp titanium catalyst systems are also suitable for the polymerization of polar and non-polar olefinic monomers. The reduction of a mixture of Cp TiMe3 and Ph3C[B(C6F5)4] with zinc produces a catalyst for the syndiotactic homopolymerization of styrene. The same catalyst mediates the polymerization of methyl methacrylate to poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) with >65% of syndiotacticity. This system is also effective for the co-polymerization of styrene/methyl methacrylate upon optimal conditions. A new polymerization mechanism to explain the characteristics of the polymers is proposed based on sequential conjugate addition steps.541... 

Bulk addition multipolymerization kinetics occurs when two monomers are employed. Bulk free-radical homopolymerizations and copolymerizations that are implemented in REX include a) styrene-acrylonitrile, styrene-methyl methacrylate, styrene-acrylamide b) methyl methacrylate-acrylonitrile, ABS c) acrylate ester mixtures d) ethyl acrylate-methacrylic acid and mixtures with other monomers e) methyl methacrylate f) 8-caprolactone and, n-isopropylacrylamide-acrylic... 

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