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Staphylococcal infections methicillin-resistant

Severe staphylococcal Infections - Severe staphylococcal infections (including methicillin-resistant staphylococci) in patients who cannot receive or who have failed to respond to penicillins and cephalosporins, or who have infections with resistant staphylococci. Infections may include endocarditis, bone infections, lower respiratory tract infections, septicemia, and skin and skin structure infections. [Pg.1619]

Rifampin is a first-line antitubercular drug used in the treatment of all forms of pulmonary and extrapul-monary tuberculosis. Rifampin is an alternative to isoniazid in the treatment of latent tuberculosis infection. Rifampin also may be combined with an antileprosy agent for the treatment of leprosy and to protect those in close contact with patients having H. influenza type b and N. meningitidis infection rifampin is also used in methicillin-resistant staphylococcal infections, such as osteomyelitis and prosthetic valve endocarditis. [Pg.559]

Staphylococcal skin infections can usually be diagnosed by their appearance without laboratory testing. Serious staphylococcal infections require samples of blood or infected fluid for culture and diagnosis of which antibiotics should be used. Some strains are resistant to many antibiotics. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus is resistant to nearly all antibiotics and is increasingly common. [Pg.2478]

Raymond et al. reported on a rotation study in a surgical intensive care unit with a different twist.Patients were stratified as either having sepsis/peritonitis or pneumonia, and empiric therapy was cycled every 3 months by syndrome. Fourteen hundred fifty-six admissions and 540 infections were treated over a 2-year period. With similar severity of illness during the before and after periods (mean APACHE II = 19), the authors demonstrated a reduction of length of stay from a mean of 62 days to 39 days, a reduction of vancomycin-resistant enterococcal and methicillin-resistant staphylococcal infection from 14 per 100 admissions to 8 per 100 admissions and death due to any cause dropped from 25 in the before period to 18 in the rotation period. Antimicrobial susceptibility and several other key parameters needed to evaluate the effectiveness of this program were not reported. [Pg.60]

Finkelstein R, Rabino G, Masiah T, et al. Vancomycin versus cefazolin prophylaxis for cardiac surgery in the setting of a high prevalence of methicillin-resistant staphylococcal infections. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg... [Pg.2229]

FIGURE 100 Vancomycin, a bactericidal antibiotic, inhibits cell-wall synthesis in Gram-positive bacteria. It is effective against methicillin-resistant organisms and as an alternate to semisynthetic penicillins or cephalosporins in patients with severe staphylococcal infections. [Pg.722]

Vancomycin should be used only to treat serious infections and is particularly us ul in the management of infections due to methicillin-resistant staphylococci and in severe staphylococcal infections in patients who are allergic to penicillins and cephalosporins. Vancomycin is less rapidly bactericidal than the antistaphylococcal J3-lactams (e.g., nafcillin or cefazolin) and may be less efficacious. Treatment with vancomycin is effective and convenient when there is disseminated staphylococcal infection or localized shunt infection in a patients receiving hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis, because the drug can be administered once weekly or in the dialysis fluid. [Pg.775]

Very narrow spectrum, penicillinase-resistant drugs This subclass of penicillins includes methicillin (the prototype), nafcillin, and oxacillin. Their primary use is in the treatment of known or suspected staphylococcal infections. Methicillin-resistant staphylococci (MRSA) are resistant to other members of this subgroup and may be resistant to multiple antimicrobial drugs. [Pg.376]

Vancomycin is an antibiotic of last resort for life-threatening enterococcal and staphylococcal infections, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Numerous natural and semisynthetic glycopeptide analogs have since been synthesized [47]. However, the main emphasis was placed on the modification of the peripheral features of vancomycin, but the characteristic tricyclic... [Pg.531]

PenicBlins Resistant to Pemditnase. Modification of the penicillin structure produced a group of drugs including methicillin, oxacillin, cloxacillin, dicloxacillin, and nafcillin that are not susceptible to staphylococcal penicillinase. Their appropriate use is in the treatment of infections caused by strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis that produce penicillinase. These include most strains isolated from hospital settings and the general commimity. [Pg.181]

Staphylococcal endocarditis is not a homogeneous disease appropriate management requires consideration of several questions, such as. Is the organism methicillin resistant Should combination therapy be used Is the infection on a native or prosthetic valve Does the patient have a history of IVDA Is the infection on the left or right side of the heart Another consideration in staphylococcal endocarditis is that some organisms may exhibit tolerance to antibiotics. However, similar to streptococci, the concern for tolerance among staphylococci should not affect antibiotic selection. ... [Pg.2005]

The role of the penicillinase-resistant penicillins for most staphylococcal disease is decreasing with the increasing frequency of so-called methicilhn-resistant microorganisms. Both S. aureus and S. epidermidis increasingly are resistant. Vancomycin is the drug of choice for serious infection caused by methicillin-resistant variants of these strains rifampin is given concurrently when a foreign body is present. [Pg.737]

Deeper bacterial infections of the skin include folliculitis, erysipelas, cellulitis, and necrotizing fasciitis. Since streptococcal and staphylococcal species also are the most common causes of deep cutaneous infections, penicilUns (especially ji-lactarruise-resistant ji-lactams), and cephalosporins are the systemic antibiotics used most frequently in their treatment (see Chapter 44). A growing concern is the increased incidence of skin and soft tissue infections with hospital- and community-acquired methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and drug-resistant pneumococci. Infection with community-acquired MRSA often is susceptible to trimethoprim—sulfamethoxazole. [Pg.1083]

It had first been envisaged that cephalosporin C itself might be given in large amounts by intravenous drip to treat patients with systemic infections caused by penicillin-resistant staphylococci. But, methicillin, made by semisynthesis from 6-APA in the Beecham Laboratories, was shown in 1960 to be resistant to hydrolysis by staphylococcal penicillinase, to have a much higher activity than cephalosporin C against staphylococci and to be effective against infections with penicillin-resistant staphylococci in man. Thus, cephalosporin C became noncompetitive for this purpose and the future of the cephalosporin project in medicine appeared to depend on the production of 7-ACA in quantity and the preparation from it of new semisynthetic cephalosporins. [Pg.626]


See other pages where Staphylococcal infections methicillin-resistant is mentioned: [Pg.556]    [Pg.1092]    [Pg.1157]    [Pg.296]    [Pg.2006]    [Pg.2194]    [Pg.2200]    [Pg.51]    [Pg.51]    [Pg.209]    [Pg.736]    [Pg.14]    [Pg.145]    [Pg.529]    [Pg.1048]    [Pg.163]    [Pg.166]    [Pg.169]    [Pg.181]    [Pg.242]    [Pg.20]    [Pg.242]   


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