Methanol utilization

If methanol utilization is to be increased, production needs to become more efficient and the infrastructure improved to make it more competitive. A major source of methane has been natural gas, since this has been the most economical source. Although the United States has both natural gas and coal, these are both nonrenewable resources. 

Galkin, A., Kulakova, L.,Tishkov, V., Esaki, N., and Soda, K. 1995. Cloning of formate dehydrogenase gene from a methanol-utilizing bacterium Mycobacterium vaccae N10. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 44,479—483. 

Polysaccharides from Methanol-utilizing Micro-organisms. 312... 

Selective Enrichment of a Methanol-Utilizing Consortium Using Pulp and Paper MUl Waste Streams... 

Nutrient Media To ensure the presence of the necessary macronutrients and micronutrients to select for a community capable of consuming methanol as the main carbon source, Methanol-Utilizing Bacteria Medium B [15] was utilized as a nutrient addition. The nutrient media was supplied to all eiuichment reactors to ensure balanced growth conditions. The nutrient medium was used witiiout medianol addition for the FC 3200, FC BHAO, and FC EVAP enrichments, as the foul condensates contained sufficient concentrations of methanol. Medianol (99.9% Fisher Scientific, Fair Lawn, NJ) was added to file nutrient media supplied to the l°OUT and WAS-only enrichment reactors. 

Recent work by Laanbroek, Smit, Klein-Nulend and Veldkamp (8) shows that this phenomenom may also explain the coexistence of versatile and specialist Clostridium species. Furthermore, results obtained by Harder and co-workers (W. Harder, University of Groningen, unpublished) indicated that the same principle may apply to generalists and specialists among the methanol utilizing bacteria. 

Bennett, R.K., Fast, A.G., and Papoutsakis, E.T. (2015) Synthetic methylotrophy engineering the production of biofuels and chemicals based on the biology of aerobic methanol utilization. Curr. Opin. Biotechnol, 33, 165-175. 

Figure 19.1 Metabolic pathways of methanol utilization in P. pastoris. (a) Overview of assimilation and dissimilation pathways, (b) Xylulose monophosphate (XuMP) cycle for methanol assimilation. Metabolites entering and leaving the peroxisomes are marked in gray boxes. GSH reduced glutathione GS-CHjOH S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione GS-CHO S-formylglutathione Catl catalase FIdl formaldehyde dehydrogenase Fghi ...

T., Wasmayer, R., Schmid, C. et al. (2015) A toolbox of diverse promoters related to methanol utilization functionally verified parts for heterologous pathway expression in Pichia pastoris. ACS Synth. Biol, 5, 172-186. 

The best and most widely used method for recycling NADH uses formate dehydrogenase (FDH), which is obtained from methanol-utilizing microorganisms, to catalyze the oxidation of formate to CO2 (Scheme 2.113) [722, 723]. This method has the advantage that both the auxiliary substrate and the coproduct are... 

In practical operation, the current cannot be set at the limiting current. Instead, it should be set at a current slightly lower than the limiting current, and as the cell decays with time, the current set point should be decreased accordingly. The ratio of the working current to the limiting current represents the methanol utilization. Part of the unused methanol diffuses to the cathode side and the other part is taken out by the CO2 exhaust at the anode. For automatic operation, it is better to automatically trace the peak power and allow the fuel cell to work near the peak power. 

Oxygen and methanol utilization, and mean crossover current density... 

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