Metals reproductive toxicity

Ema, M., Hirose, A. (2006). Reproductive and developmental toxicity of organotin compounds. In Metals, Fertility and Reproductive Toxicity (M.S. Golub, ed.), pp. 23-64. CRC Press/Taylor Francis Group, LLC, Boca Raton. 

Ba, Al, [Ga], Sc, Y, Eu, Ti, [V]) generally distinguished by extreme c or x values nor can pronounced toxicides of heavy metals like Cd be attributed in this way except for abnormally high c values. The generally positive sign of the latter value (c, except for Etf+) renders a link between reproduction toxicity and metal ion addition to nucleic acids unlikely. 

Artistic inks and dyes, as well as those used in textiles are generally nontoxic, though occasionally irritating or allergenic to some. They are known to have high contents of heavy metals, such as cobalt, lead, mercury, and others, many of which are common skin irritants, and some of which are carcinogens and reproductive toxicants therefore large and frequent... 

In a reproductive toxicity study, a diet containing a number of heavy metals including the lanthanides (as oxides) was fed to mice over three generations. The highest calculated lanthanide dose in the diet was a combination of the following 156 mg dysprosium kg day , 5 mg europium kg day , 52 mg lanthanum kg day , 104 mg samarium kg day , 156 mg terbium kg day , 16 mg ytterbium kg day , and 10 mg thulium kg day . After three generations of exposure no reproductive or other health effects were observed in the treated animals. 

Reproductive Toxicity. Occupational exposure to metallic mercury has not been shown to result in statistically significant effects on male fertility (Alcser et al. 1989 Lauwerys et al. 1985). However, an increase in the rate of spontaneous abortions may occur (Cordier et al. 1991). A spontaneous abortion occurred in a female after ingesting an acute dose of mercuric chloride (Afonso and de Alvarez 1960). There were no studies available on dermal exposure to metallic, inorganic, or organic mercury. 

In addition to soil contamination with explosives and MC-related compounds, DND sites often have elevated concentrations of metals [53,54], Consequently, risk assessment at such sites should consider not only the presence of MC but also the potential effects of their interactions with metal co-contaminants on the toxicity to ecological receptors [61], Robidoux et al. [53,54] reported that ecotoxicological effects (such as the effects on earthworm reproduction) in soil with contaminant mixtures could not be attributed entirely to the toxicity of MC when in the presence of elevated concentrations of metals. In contrast, reproduction toxicity in earthworms correlated with TNT concentrations in TNT-contaminated soils having low metal concentrations [62], Findings in these and other reports show that mixtures... 

Meeker, J.D., M.G. Rossano, B. Protas, M.P. Diamond, E. Puscheck, D. Daly, N. Paneth, and J.J. Wirth. 2008. Cadmium, lead, and other metals in relation to semen quality Human evidence for molybdenum as a male reproductive toxicant. Environ. Health Perspect. 116(11) 1473-1479. 

Water birds have not been shown to be directly affected by acidification. However, the prey of waterbirds may be of concern as these lower food-chain organisms may have elevated levels of toxic metals related to acidification of their habitat. Moreover, most water birds rely on some component of the aquatic food-chain for their high protein diet. Invertebrates that normally supply caJcium to egg-laying birds or their growing chicks are among the first to disappear as lakes acidify. As these food sources are reduced or eliminated due to acidification, bird habitat is reduced and reproductive rate of the birds is affected. The Common Loon is able to raise fewer chicks, or none at all, on acidic lakes where fish populations are reduced 37 and 5S). However, in some isolated cases, food supplies can be increased when competitive species are eliminated (e.g.. Common Goldeneye ducks can better exploit insects as food when competition from fish is eliminated). The collective influences of acidification are difficult to quantify on a specific area basis but for species that rely on a healthy aquatic ecosystem to breed, acidification remains a continuing threat in thousands of lakes across eastern North America 14). 

Many studies have reported the effects of metals on general soil microbiological processes. Metals including cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, mercury, nickel, and zinc have been reported to inhibit many of the microbial processes listed above. Metal toxicity in the environment ultimately decreases litter decomposition, which can be measured by the rate of mass loss. Both copper (0.5 mg Cu g4 soil) and zinc (1.0 mg Zn g 1 soil) were shown to decrease the rate of decomposition of unpolluted Scots pine needle litter near a brass mill in Sweden.61 Duarte et al.63 also determined that copper and zinc toxicity reduced leaf decomposition rates and fungal reproduction. Other metals, such as cadmium, nickel, and lead, have also been reported to decrease litter decomposition.77... 

Laughlin NK, Bowman RE, Levin ED, et al. 1983. Neurobehavioral consequences of early exposure to lead in Rhesus monkeys Effects on cognitive behaviors. In Clarkson TW, Nordberg GF, Sager PR, eds. Reproductive and developmental toxicity of metals. New York, NY Plenum Press, 497-515. 

Trace metals (arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, nickel, lead, mercury, zinc) Industrial and municipal wastewaters runoff from urban areas and landfill erosion of contaminated soils and sediments atmospheric deposition Toxic effects including birth defects, reproductive failure, cancer, and systemic poisoning. 

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