Metallothionein cadmium: cell culture

Liu, J., Kershaw, W.C. and Klaasen, C.D. (1990). Rat primary hepatocyte cultures are a good model for examining metallothionein-induced tolerance to cadmium toxicity. In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. 26 75-79. 

Wolff NA, Abouhamed M, Verroust PJ, and Thevenod F. Megalln-dependent Internalization of cadmium-metallothionein and cytotoxicity In cultured renal proximal tubule cells. J Pharmacol ExpTher 318 782-791,2006. 

Ishido M, Tohyama C, Suzuki T. Cadmium-bound metallothionein induces apoptosis in rat kidneys, but not in cultured kidney LLC-PK1 cells. Life Sci 1999 64 797-804. 

Wan M, Hunziker PE, Kagi JH (1993) Induction of metallothionein synthesis by cadmium and zinc in cultured rabbit kidney cells (RK-13). Biochem J 292 609-615... 

Riordan JR, Richards V (1980) Human fetal liver contains both copper-rich forms of metallothionein. J Biol Chem 255 5380-5383 Robbins AH, McRae DE, Williamson M, Collett SA, Xuong NH, Furey WF, Wang BC, Stout CD (1991) Refined crystal structure of Cd.Zn metallothionein at 2.0 A resolution. J Mol Biol 221 1269-1293 Rugstad HE, Norseth T (1975) Cadmium resistance and content of cadmium-binding protein in cultured human cells. Nature 257 136 Ryden L, Deutsch HF (1978) Preparation and properties of the major copperbinding component in human fetal liver. J Biol Chem 253 519-524 Sato M, Bremner I (1993) Oxygen free radicals and metallothionein. Free Radic Biol Med 14 325-337... 

Coogan TP, Bare RM, Waalkes MP (1992) Cadmium-induced DNA damage effects of zinc pretreatment. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 113 227-233 Coogan TP, Bare RM, Bjornson EJ, Waalkes MP (1994) Enhanced metallothionein gene expression protects against cadmium genotoxicity in cultured rat liver cells. J Toxicol Environ Health (in press)... 

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Studies on mutagenesis by metal compounds may be complicated by inducible tolerance mechanisms in some cells. Metallothioneins (MT) are small cysteine-rich proteins which bind a number of metals with high affinity. The reader is referred to Chap. 5 in this volume for more detail. Besides cadmium, zinc, and copper salts, a number of other metal salts have also been shown to induce MT synthesis and/or to bind to the MT protein. Hg(II), Co(II), and Ni(II), but not Pb(II), induce MT synthesis in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes (Bracken and Klaassen 1987), and may do so in the cultured cells used for mammalian mutagenesis experiments. Thus, under some experimental protocols, the metal salt being assayed may itself induce metallothionein, or the results of mutagenicity assays may be confounded by components of the medium or serum which affect the levels of metallothionein in the cell (Rossman and Goncharova, unpublished). 

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