Metallic measurements

Abstract. We present the first results of Call triplet observations from VLT/FLAMES for Sculptor, Fornax and Sextans dSphs. For each galaxy, we obtained accurate velocity and metallicity measurements for hundreds of stars out to and beyond the tidal radius. In each case, we find cfear evidence for the presence of two distinct steffar components with different spatiaf distribution and kinematics the metaf rich component is more centrally concentrated and kinematically colder than the metal poor one. 

Fig. 8.21 Dissolved and coUoidal concentrations of metals measured in the groundwater of Shelter Island and in the Peconics (North and South Forks of Long Island). Reprinted with permission from Sanudo-Wilhelmy SA, Rossi FK, Bokuniewicz H, Paulsen RJ (2002) Trace metal levels in groundwater of a coastal watershed importance of colloidal forms. Environ Sci Technol 36 1435-1441. Copyright 2002 American Chemical Society...

Four variables at three levels each were studied to reduce noise during metal measurement. The effects of the variables determining the acid digestion and their interactions were studied... 

The unit / can be considered to be of the order of 27 kcal/mole the parameter x is taken to have a value of the order of the electronegativity of the metal measured in / units compared with that of C, that is to say from 0 to — 1 b is taken to be of the order of unity. 

A further source of variability which interferes with natural variability is the influence of anthropogenic activities. Tab. 1-2 shows the highest and the lowest values of some selected heavy metals measured in the surface soil of an area strongly influenced by particulate emissions from a large metallurgical factory. The variability amounts to an order of magnitude of between 1 and 2. 

The values of the energy accommodation coefficient for the recombination of H and O atoms by metals measured by Wood et al. [89] and by Melin and Madix [77] are given in Table 6. The /3(H) values of Wood et al. for nickel, platinum and tungsten are substantially higher than those reported by Melin and Madix, but no explanation appears to be forthcoming for this difference. From Table 6, it is seen that a given metal has... 

The M-S distances observed in the blende or wurtzite-type solid solutions are given in Table III. From the radii of the metals measured in their pure sulfides (Table II) it is possible to evaluate the M-S distance for each composition of these solid solutions. The calculated values are always a little larger than the observed values, and the difference increases with the quantity of sulfide added. So, in these solid solutions, we observed a small contraction of the radius of the metal added. In the Ga2S3-ZnS system, for instance, we obtained good agreement between the calculations and the experiments with RGa = 1.196 A. (instead of RGa = 1.215 A.) in the ZnS-rich solid solutions, and with RZn = 1.290 (instead of RZn = 1.306 A.) in the Ga2S3-rich solid solution. 

Table 4.2. Solid/vapour surface energies of pure metals measured by the zero-creep technique (Eustathopoulos and Joud 1980).

An example of a noncovalent attachment of a metal-phosphine complex to a solid support is presented in Figure 31, as reported by Bianchini et al. (120). The complex is attached via a sulfonated variant of the "triphos" ligand, which is known for its successful application in several catalytic reactions. The ligand is attached to the silica by an ionic bond, which is stable in the absence of water. The catalyst was used for the hydroformylation of styrene and of hex-1-ene in batch mode and showed moderate activity. The triply coordinated rhodium atom is strongly boimd although the conditions were rather harsh (120 °C, 30 bar) the concentration of leached metal measured by atomic emission spectroscopy was at most at the parts per million level. However, for commercial applications, for example, in a process such as hydroformylation of bulk products, these concentrations should be less than 10 ppb 111,121). 

Nicholson, J.R.P., Savory, M.G., Savory, J., Wills, M.R. Micro-quantity tissue digestion for metal measurements by use of a microwave acid-digestion bomb. Clin. Chem. 35, 488 90 (1989)... 

Mass transport in ceria as well as in other fluorite-related materials is several orders of magnitude faster for anions than for the metal . Measurements of bulk oxygen diffusion are relatively scarce in the literature and they arc summarised in Table 2.6. Alternatively, values can be estimated from ionic conductivity data using the Nernst-Einstein relation ... 

The results obtained in this field test demonstrated the feasibility of shipboard atomic absorption measurements for low-level metal measurements. The reproducibility of the duplicate measurements of total and organically bound copper were encouraging at the less than 1-nmol/L level. The vertical profiles show structure that is related to oceanographic factors... 

Method. Analyse the concentration of etched metals of each extract after diluting in 50% solution of propylene carbonate and glacial acetic acid. They are measured against a calibration curve prepared from 0.0, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0 and 10 ppm of each metal measured and prepared in the same solvents as the sample. 

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