Acid-base interactions measurement metal ions

Pure oxygen-less melts contain no oxide ions in any form, and, therefore, such pure melts cannot serve as donors of O2-. The melts, which are solvents of the second kind, can affect acid-base interaction on their background in two manners by fixation of oxide ions entering in the melt and by solvation of the conjugate acid or base. However, the ionic solvents of the second kind, used in practice for different measurements and applied purposes, contain admixtures of oxide-ion donors, which are formed in the melt from initial admixtures of oxo-anions such as SO4-, COf- or OH-. The second way of appearance of oxide ion admixtures in molten media is characteristic of the melts based on alkali metal halides the process of high-temperature hydrolysis of the said halide melts results in the formation of hydroxide ions and, after their dissociation, of oxide ions ... 

Formic acid is a popular molecule for probing the catalytic properties of metal oxides [23-28], The selectivity of its decomposition has frequently been used as a measure of the acid-base properties of oxides. This is a tempting generalization to make oxides that produce dehydration products (H2O and CO) are described as acidic oxides, while their basic counterparts produce dehydrogenation products (H2 + CO2). It has been shown that in many cases the product selectivity is better connected to the surface redox behavior of the oxide [29], Thus, more reducible surfaces produce higher yields of CO2, Consequently, particular attention has been paid in surface science studies to the interaction between adsorbed formate ions (the primary reaction intermediate) and surface metal cations, as well as to the participation of lattice oxygen anions in the surface reaction mechanism,... 

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