Metal nitride, synthesis

Metal migrations, around rings, dynamic NMR studies, 1, 411 Metal nitrides, synthesis, 12, 53... 

Wallace C H 1998 The rapid solid-state synthesis of group III and transition metal nitrides at ambient and high pressures PhD Dissertation University of California, Los Angeles... 

The conversion of coordinated NSCI into a nitrido ligand provides a useful synthesis of transition-metal nitrides. For example, treatment of ReCl4(NSCl)(POCl3) with triphenylphosphine generates the nitrido complex ReNClaCPPhsla. "... 

As nitridoborates are known as A3(BN2) for alkaline elements (A = Li, Na) and as AE3(BN2)2 for alkaline-earth elements (AE = Ca, Sr, Ba) it would be interesting to find methods for the synthesis of nitridoborates of transition or lanthanide elements. Can they be made straightforward Hke Ii3(BN2) and AE3(BN2)2 from metal nitrides and layer-like a-BN, or do they require new preparative strategies - if they can be made at all ... 

Stevenson S, Stephen RR, Amos TM, Cadorette VR, Reid JE, Phillips JP (2005) Synthesis and purification of a metallic nitride fullerene bisadduct exploring the reactivity of Gd(NZ ,C80. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127 12776-12777. 

The c-BN phase was first obtained in 1957 [525] by exposing hexagonal boron nitride phase (h-BN) to high pressures and low temperatures. A pressure of more than 11 GPa is necessary to induce the hexagonal to cubic transformation, and these experimental conditions prevent any practical application for industrial purposes. Subsequently, it has been found that the transition pressure can be reduced to approximately 5 GPa at very high temperature (1300-1800°C) by using catalysts such as alkali metals, alkali metal nitrides, and Fe-Al or Ag-Cd alloys [526-528]. In addition, water, urea, and boric acid have been successfully used for synthesis of cubic boron nitride from hexagonal phase at 5-6 GPa and temperature above 800-1000°C [529]. It has been... 

In February 1909, the results of the experiments on nitride formation had led to the outline of a patent application which covered the preparation of metal nitrides in the presence of auxiliary substances. Following a hypothetical concept of the action of these additions, they were defined as flux promoters." This draft of an application ended with the following sentence Finally, it is also advantageous to add a flux promoter to metals or alloys which serve as catalysts for the ammonia synthesis. This statement was made in view of the early catalytic experiments in which we had observed the synthesis of traces of ammonia in the presence of catalysts similar to those which acted favorably for the nitride formations. 

Molybdenum In its pure form, without additions, it is the most efficient catalyst of all the easily obtainable and reducible substances, and it is less easily poisoned than iron. It catalyzes in another way than iron, insofar as it forms analytically easily detectable amounts of metal nitrides (about 9% nitrogen content) during its catalytic action, whereas iron does not form, under synthesis conditions, analytically detectable quantities of a nitride. In this respect, molybdenum resembles tungsten, manganese and uranium which all form nitrides during their operation, as ammonia catalysts. Molybdenum is clearly promoted by nickel, cobalt and iron, but not by oxides such as alumina. Alkali metals can act favorably on molybdenum, but oxides of the alkali metals are harmful. Efficiency, as pure molybdenum, 1.5%, promoted up to 4% ammonia. 

Uhl s contribution in Chapter 2 provides basic synthesis and structural information for aluminum and gallium hydrazides. These types of compounds are being explored as potential molecular precursors to metal nitrides such as the important blue-green laser material gdlium nitride. 

Chaur MN, Athans AJ, Echegoyen L (2008) Metallic nitride endohedral fullerenes synthesis and electrochemical properties. Tetrahedron 64 11387-11393... 

Generally, metal nitride and oxynitride catalysts have been prepared by the temperature programmed ammonolysis method. This technique was originally applied by Volpe and Boudart to M0O3 precursors to produce y-Mo2N which was pseudomOrphic with the precursor, with surface areas up to 225 m g The resultant surface area of materials is known to be a strong function of the synthesis parameters as demonstrated in Table 1. ... 

In this edition, we have incorporated new material in all the chapters and updated references to the literature. New sections dealing with porous solids, fullerenes and related materials, metal nitrides, metal tellurides, molecular magnets and other organic materials have been added. Under preparative strategies, we have included new types of synthesis reported in the literature, specially those based on soft chemistry routes. We have a new section covering typical results from empirical theory and electron spectroscopy. There is a major section dealing with high-temperature oxide superconductors. We hope that this edition of the book will prove to be a useful text and reference work for all those interested in solid state chemistry and materials science. 

Most known quaternary nitrides contain lithium and are synthesized by reacting a lithium-containing ternary nitride with a metal or metal nitride (Table 8.1, Equation 5). Many of the quaternary nitrides reported also may be synthesized by the reaction of the elements either under N2 or with Li3N. Very few true quaternary compounds are known, and further studies of ternary systems are needed before advances in the synthesis of quaternary systems can be realized. 

This paper consists of three parts. The first part describes the high pressure synthesis of bimetallic compounds of NbN and MN where M is a Group 13 metal such as Al, Ga, or In. The second part discusses crystal structure investigations of a series of alkaline earth and transition metal nitrides, carried out to understand the bonding surrounding the transition metals. The third part describes the preparation of new metastable transition metal nitride and their solid solutions by rf-sputter deposition. 

Recently, studies from outside the Soviet Union have started to appear in the literature. In the US, Holt and Kingman17 reported the synthesis of transition metal nitrides not from gas-solid combustion reactions, but by using sodium azide as a solid source of nitrogen, according to the scheme ... 

An unusual new synthesis method involves carrying out reactions in a molten salt medium, and has been used on an industrial scale for the production of metallic nitride, carbide or carbonitride powders.25 An illustration of this CEREX process is the preparation of oxygen-free titanium nitride in molten calcium chloride. The method involves the reaction between titanium tetrachloride and calcium nitride ... 

Combustion synthesis of transition metal nitrides an overview 233... 

There are a limited number of techniques used for the synthesis of ternary and quaternary nitrides. In fact, the vast majority of these nitrides have been synthesized using only two methods (1) the reaction of a metal nitride with a metal or another metal nitride and (2) the reaction of two metal powders with nitrogen gas or ammonia. The first method has been the most common approach (Table 8.1, Reaction 1). Since these reactions usually require high temperatures (1073-2073 K), the inductive effect is Used to effect product formation. Li3N is a favored starting material due to its stability and relatively low melting temperature (mp = 1086 K), which... 

The synthesis of ternary transition metal nitrides through the reaction of two binary nitrides (Table 8.1, Reaction 1) or by nitriding two metals (Table 8.1, Reaction 2) has been relatively unsuccessful. Consequently, until recently, there was little or no information concerning the synthesis and structures of these phases. Lately, several transition metal ternary nitrides have been made through other synthetic routes, such as metathesis reactions and ammonolysis. For example, the ternary nitride CuTaN217... 

Combustion synthesis of metal nitrides from a solid nitrogen source was first investigated by Petrov in 1975.32 He used barium azide (Ba2N6) powder for the synthesis of TiN and Mg3N2. Holt, in 1983,33 reported the synthesis of TiN by using sodium azide (NaN3)as the solid nitrogen source. 

The synthesis of transition metal nitrides by SHS was first mentioned by Merzhanov and Borovinskaya.6 The authors reported the crystal structure... 

---