Metabotropic glutamate receptors proteins

Gupta DS, McCullumsmith RE, Beneyto M, Haroutunian V, Davis KL, et al. 2005. Metabotropic glutamate receptor protein expression in the prefrontal cortex and striatum in schizophrenia. Synapse 57 123-131. 

Casabona G, Catania MV, Storto M, Ferraris N, Perroteau 1, et al. 1998. Deafferentation up-regulates the expression of the mGlula metabotropic glutamate receptor protein in the olfactory bulb. Eur J Neurosci 10 771-776. 

Table Appendix Receptor Proteins Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors... 

Most of the G-protein-coupled receptors are homologous with rhodopsin however, other quantitatively minor families as well as some individual receptors do not share any of the structural features common to the rhodopsin family (Figure 2.3). The most dominant of these are the glucagon/VIP/caldtonin receptor family, or family B (which has approximately 65 members), and the metabotropic glutamate receptor family, or family C (which has approximately 15 members), as well as the frizzled/smoothened family of receptors. Thus, the only structural feature that all G-protein-coupled receptors have in common is the seven-transmembrane helical bundle. Nevertheless, most non-rhodopsin-like receptors do have certain minor structural features in common with the rhodopsin-like receptors — for example, a disulfide bridge between the top of TM-III and the middle of extracellular loop-3, and a cluster of basic residues located just below TM-VI. 

For family C receptors, the importance of and structural basis for interaction with intracellular adaptor or scaffolding proteins have been characterized in great detail, just as the issue of dimer formation is rather clear for these receptors. The main family of adaptor proteins, which ensures the cellular targeting and correct signaling function for the metabotropic glutamate receptors, appear... 

IONOTROPIC AND METABOTROPIC GLUTAMATE RECEPTORS ARE PRINCIPAL PROTEINS AT THE POSTSYNAPTIC DENSITY 273... 

Flajolet, M., Rakhilin, S., Wang, H. et al. Protein phosphatase 2C binds selectively to and dephosphorylates metabotropic glutamate receptor 3. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 16006-16011,2003. 

However, overactivation of AMPA or KA receptors can also lead to intracellular Ca2+ overload and neurodegeneration. This maybe especially true under conditions where NMDA-receptor activity is reduced by extracellular acidity or a buildup of extracellular Zn2+ [ 12]. It is also true with respect to specific neuronal subpopulations that express AMPA-sensitive Ca2+ channels (see Ch. 15). G-protein-linked metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) appear not to mediate excitotoxicity directly but, rather, to modify the degree of excitotoxic injury. 

Heuss, C., Scanziani, M., Gahwiler, B. H., and Gerber, U. (1999) G protein-independent signaling mediated by metabotropic glutamate receptors. Nat. Neurosci. 2,1070-1077. 

Hermans, E. and Challiss, R. A. (2001) Structural, signalling and regulatory properties of the group I metabotropic glutamate receptors prototypic family C G protein-coupled receptors. Biochem. J. 359,465 484. 

O Hara, P. J., Sheppard, P. O., Thpgersen, H., et al. (1993) The ligand-binding domain in metabotropic glutamate receptor is related to bacterial periplasmic binding proteins. Neuron 11,41-52. 

Pin, J.-P., Joly, C., Heinemann, S. F., and Bockaert, J. (1994) Domains involved in the specificity of G protein activation in phospholipase C-coupled metabotropic glutamate receptors. EMBO J. 13, 342-348. 

Ango, F., Prezeau, L., Muller, T., et al. (2001) Agonist-independent activation of metabotropic glutamate receptors by the intracellular protein Homer. Nature 411,962-965. 

Alaluf, S., Mulvihill, E. R., and Mcllhinney, R. A. J. (1995) Rapid agonist mediated phosphorylation of the metabotropic glutamate receptor la by protein kinase C in permanently transfected BHK cells. FEBS Lett. 367, 301-305. 

Gereau, R. W. and Heinemann, S. F. (1998) Role of protein kinase C phosphorylation in rapid desensitization of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5. Neuron 20,143-151. 

Francesconi, A. and Duvoisin, R. (2000) Opposing effects of protein kinase C and protein kinase A on metabotropic glutamate receptor signaling selective desensitization of the inositol trisphosphate/Ca2+ pathway by phosphorylation of the receptor-G protein-coupling domain. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97,6185-6190. 

Mundell, S. J., Pula, G., Carswell, K., Roberts, P. J., and Kelly, E. (2003) Agonist-induced internalization of metabotropic glutamate receptor 1A structural determinants for protein kinase C- and G protein-coupled receptor kinase-mediated internalization../. Neurochem. 84,294-304. 

Macek, T. A., Schaffhauser, H., and Conn, P. J. (1998) Protein kinase C and A3 adenosine receptor activation inhibit presynaptic metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) function and uncouple mGluRs from GTP-binding proteins. J. Neurosci. 18, 6138-6146. 

Dale, L. B., Bhattacharya, M., Anborgh, P. H., Murdoch, B., Bhatia, M., Nakanishi, S., and Ferguson, S. S. (2000) G protein-coupled receptor kinase-mediated desensitization of metabotropic glutamate receptor 1A protects against cell death. J. Biol. Chem. 275, 38213-38220. 

Sallese, M., Salvatore, L., D Urbano, E., et al. (2000) The G protein-coupled receptor kinase GRK4 mediates homologous desensitization of metabotropic glutamate receptor 1. FASEB J. 14, 2569-2580. 

Nakajima, Y., Yamamoto, T Nakayama, T and Nakanishi, S. (1999) A relationship between protein kinase C phosphorylation and calmodulin binding to the metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 7. J. Biol. Chem. 274,27573-27577. 

Enz, R. and Croci, C. (2003) Different binding motifs in the metabotropic glutamate receptor type 7b for filamin-A, PP1C, PICK1 and syntenin allow the formation of multimeric protein complexes. Biochem. J. 372,183-191. 

Xiao, B., Tu, J. C., Petralia, R. S., et al. (1998) Homer regulates the association of group I metabotropic glutamate receptors with multivalent complexes of homer-related, synaptic proteins. Neuron 21,707-716. 

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