Metabolism in microorganisms

For a detailed account of steroid transformations by microorganisms the reader is referred to Dorfman and Ungar (1965) and lizuka and Naito (1968). 

Exposure of estrone to Nocardia sp. (E 110) resulted in the formation of three degradative products. These were characterized (Coombe et al., 1966) as (a) 3aa-H-4a-[3 -propanoic acid]-5)5-[2-ketopropyl]-7a) -methyl-l-indanone, (b) 3aa-H-4a-[3 -propanoic acid]-5/S-[4 -but-3-enoic acid]-7a/S-methyl-l-indanone, and (c) 2-car-boxy-7a/S-methyl-7-keto-9aa-H-indano-[5,4f]-5aa,10,10a)J,ll-tetrahydroquinolineby melting point, infrared, ultraviolet, NMR, and mass spectra and by chromatography. 

Sih et al. (1968) have frequently used infrared methods in delineating some of the steps of steroid oxidation by microorganisms of the genus Nocardia, specifically in the degradation of the cholesterol side chain, wherein C22 acids were shown to be key intermediates. 

Bellamy. L. J. The Infrared Spectra of Complex Molecules, 2nd Ed., Wiley, New York, 1958. 

Bernstein, S., Dusza, J. P.. and Joseph, J. P. Physical Properties of Steroid Conjugates, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1968. 

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M. Luckner, Seconda Metabolism in Microorganisms, Plants andMnimals, Sptinger-Vetlag, Berlin, 1984. 

The discovery of a Bacillus sp. strain capable of degrading aldoximes via their conversion to nitriles prompted the isolation and purification of an enzyme capable of producing the syn geometrical isomer of phenylacetaldoxime from A-hydroxy-L-phenylalanine, suggesting that amino acid-derived aldoximes are biosynthesized and metabolized in microorganisms like in plants ". 

Luckner, M. Secondary Metabolism in Microorganisms, Plants, and Animals Springer-Verlag Berlin, 1984, p. 407. 

Heider, J. and Boeck, A. (1994) Selenium metabolism in microorganisms. Ado. Microbiol. Physiol, 35, 71-109. 

The biotransformation reactions involved in the study of drug metabolism in microorganisms predominantly comprise those reactions of hydrophobic substrates that produce more polar metabolites. The use of microorganisms for simulating the mammalian metabolism of many molecules of pharmacological importance is well documented [23-27, 29, 30]. 

FIGURE 17.1 Different pathways of nitrile metabolism in microorganisms. 

M. Luckner, "Secondary Metabolism in Microorganisms, Plants, and Animals", 3rd ed., p. 353, Springer Verlag, Berlin, 1990. 

M.Luckner, Secorulary metabolism in microorganism, plants, and animals, Springer-Verlag, Berlin 1990. 

Painter, H.A., 1970. A review of literature on inorganic nitrogen metabolism in microorganisms. Water Res., 4, 393-450. 

Compared to studies on secondary metabolism in microorganisms, the work with plants is hampered by the fact that no mutants are available which lack certain steps in a biosynthetic pathway. That means that in... 

Singh VP, Smith JE. Biotechnological implications of high temperature metabolism in microorganisms. In Proc Summer Conf Soc Appl Bacteriol, Bristol (UK), 1991 50. 

Hofmann, K. (1963). Fatty Acid Metabolism in Microorganisms. Wiley, New York. 

Cataboirte repression Inhibition of enzyme synthesis by increased concentrations of certain metabolic products. Enzymes subject to Cr. are formed in reponse to metabolic events (utilization of new nutrients by catabolic enzymes, synthesis of secondary products in certain developmental phases of microorganisms). C. r. is probably present in all organisms, although the molecular mechanisms are diverse. Examples of C.r. are glucose repression of catabolic enzymes in . coU and the enzymes of secondary metabolism in microorganisms, e.g. those for the s thesis of penicillin, actinomycin and riboflavin. 

Luckner, M., Diettrich, B., Lerbs, W. Cellular compartmentation and channelling of secondary metabolism in microorganisms and higher plants. Prog. Phytochem. 6, 103-142 (1980)... 

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