Environmental factors metabolism

Murphy SD. 1982. Toxicity of hepatic metabolism of organophosphate insecticides in developing rats. In Hunt VR, Smith MK, Worth D, eds. Banbury report, Vol. II. Environmental factors in hiunan growth and development symposium, November 1-4, 1981. Cold Spring Harbor, NY Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 125-136. 

The varying metabolic activities of bacteria and their response to immediate environmental factors have been exploited in the design of special diagnostic and selective media. Recipes for these run into many hundreds such media are used in hospital and public health laboratories for identifying organisms found in samples believed to be contaminated by them, and as an aid to diagnosis and treatment. In addition they are used to detect contaminants in pharmaceutical products (British Pharmacopoeia 1993). A few examples will be given to illustrate the principle. 

Fraser, H. S., Mucklow, J. C. et al. (1979). Environmental factors affecting antipyrine metabolism in London factory and office workers. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 7(3), 237-43. 

Successful bioremediation requires microbes and suitable environmental factors for degradation to occur. The most suitable microbes are bacteria or fungi that have the physiological and metabolic capabilities to degrade the pollutants. 

Ward, P.F.V. and N.S. Huskisson. 1969. The metabolism of fluoroacetate by plants. Biochem. Jour. 113 9P. Wong, D.H., W.E. Kirkpatrick, D.R. King, and J.E. Kinnear. 1992a. Defluorination of sodium monofluoroacetate (1080) by microorganisms isolated from western Australian soils. Soil Biol. Biochem. 24 833-838. Wong, D.H., W.E. Kirkpatrick, D.R. King, and J.E. Kinnear. 1992b. Environmental factors and microbial inoculum size, and their effect on biodefluorination of sodium monofluoroacetate (1080). Soil Biol. Biochem. 9 838-843. 

Metabolic defects Connective tissue disorders Environmental factors Diet... 

Mannering, G.J. Properties of cytochrome P-1+50 as affected by environmental factors Qualitative changes due to administration of polycyclic hydrocarbons. Metabolism... 

The duration of acclimation is affected by several environmental factors, such as temperature, pH, aeration status, and nutrients. The concentration of the compound that is being metabolized greatly affects the length of time before a decline in its concentration is detectable. The rate of biodegradation of trace compounds increases with concentration, but because compound loss is usually determined and not C02 or product formation, the low precision of analysis leads to data indicating a longer acclimation at higher concentration [104,106,113,128]. 

In humans, there is considerable interindividual variation in the rate, extent, and pattern of nicotine metabolism in vitro (Messina et al. 1997) and in vivo (Benowitz et al. 1994). Such variation can arise from both genetic and environmental factors. Twin studies allow an estimate of the relative contribution of heritability (i.e., contribution of genes) and environmental influences to a particular phenotype. An investigation in twins of primarily Caucasian ethnicity found that 59% of the variance in nicotine clearance can be attributed to genetic influences (Swan et al. 2005). 

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