Metabolic oligosaccharide Metabolism

MCBAIN A J, MACFARLANE G T (2001) Modulation of genotoxic enzyme activities by non-digestible oligosaccharide metabolism in in-vitro human gut bacterial ecosystems. J Med Microbiol. 50 833-42. 

Z. Djouzi and C. Andrieux, Compared effects of three oligosaccharides on metabolism of intestinal microflora in rats inoculated with a human faecal flora, Br. J. Nutr., 78 (1997) 313-324. 

Kunz, C., Rudloff, S., Baier, W., Klein, N., and Strobel, S. (2000). Oligosaccharides in human milk Structural, functional, and metabolic aspects. Annu. Rev. Nutr. 20, 699-722. 

Mountzouris, K. C., Balaskas, C., Fava, F., Tuohy, K. M., Gibson, G. R., and Fegeros, K. (2006). Profiling of composition and metabolic activities of the colonic microflora of growing pigs fed diets supplemented with prebiotic oligosaccharides. Anaerobe 12,178-185. Mulvey, M. A. (2002). Adhesion and entry of uropathogenic Escherichia coli. Cell. Microbiol. 4, 257-271. 

Table 5.3 Production of oligosaccharides by metabolic engineered living E. coli cells (see Scheme 5.9 for product formulas).

Scheme 5.9 Examples of oligosaccharides produced by metabolically engineered living E. coli cells (see Table 5.3 for references). Lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT, 17), globotetraose (18), Le trisaccharide bound on a GicNAc motif (19),...

Structural relationships suggest that the extended carbohydrate scaffolds obtainable by such tandem aldolizations may be regarded as metabolically stable mimetics of oligosaccharides, in particular of C-glycosides that are hydrolytically stable. The latter class of compounds shares an interest for potential therapeutic applications with the class of so-called aza sugars that have commanded attention in recent years as potent glycoprocessing inhibitors for the treatment of diabetes and other metabolic disorders, as well as for the blocking of viral or microbial infection and metastasis. 

As already indicated, control points in the regulation of the rate of glyeosylation of proteins may be (a) the availability of Dol-P (Section 11,1,a), (b) the D-glucosylation of the lipid-linked oligosaccharide, or its transfer to protein, or both (Section 1,2,a), and, as already discussed, (c) the metabolic fate of GDP-Man. Furthermore, GDP-Man inhibits fonnation of Glc-P-Dol in cell-free preparations from liver,157 and activates formation of GlcNAe-PP-Dol in cell-free preparations from tissues of chick embryo.156... 

Fig. 4.3.2 Human sialic acid metabolism and genetic defects. -6P -6-Phosphate, -9P -9-phos-phate, CMP cytidine 5 -monophosphate, CTP cytidine 5 -triphosphate, UDP-GlcNAc uridine diphosphate-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, ManNAc N-acetylmannosamine, NeuAc N-acetylneur-aminic acid, OGS oligosaccharides, SASD sialic acid storage disease...

Table 4.3.1 Disorders of sialic acid metabolism with storage of sialic acid, clinical, and biochemical discrimination. ISSD Infantile sialic acid storage disease, OGS oligosaccharide, SASD free sialic acid storage disease...

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