Metabolic compartmentation

Sies, H., ed., 1982. Metabolic Compartmentation. London Academic Press. 

Berl, S. and Clarke, D. D. Introduction. In S. Berl, D. D. Clarke andD. Schneider (eds),Metabolic Compartmentation and Neurotransmission Relation to Brain Structure and Function. New York Plenum Press, 1975, pp. xiii-xvii. 

McKenna,M. C.,Stevenson,J. H.,Huang,X. etal. Differential distribution of the enzymes glutamate dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransferase in cortical synaptic mitochondria contributes to metabolic compartmentation in cortical synaptic terminals. Neurochem. Int. 37 229-241, 2000. 

Clark CG, Roger AJ (1995) Direct evidence for secondary loss of mitochondria in Entamoeba histolytica. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92 6518-6521 Clayton CE, Michels P (1996) Metabolic compartmentation in African trypanosomes. Parasitol Today 12 465-471... 

Note that we have assumed that all the intracellular metabolites are available to the enzymes mentioned no account has been taken of possible effects of metabolic compartmentation (see Sec. 10.7). Hence, deductions about possible control enzymes, based on mass-action ratios, should be viewed with some caution. 

Berl S, Clarke DD (1983) The metabolic compartmentation concept. In Hertz L, Kvamme E, McGeer EG, Schousboe A (eds) Glutamine, glutamate and GABA in the central nervous... 

Bollard ME, Murray AJ, Clarke K, Nicholson JK, Griffin JL. A smdy of metabolic compartmentation in the rat heart and cardiac mitochondria using high-resolution magic angle spinning IH NMR spectroscopy. FEBS Lett. 2003 553 73-78. 

In the cytoplasm, the endoplasmic reticulum is a complex system of double membranes with a lumen —20 nm wide. These membranes are so fine that they are only visible by electron microscopy. They are probably associated with nearly every organelle, having connections with the nuclear membrane, the plasmalemma, and the mitochondria (for a review, see Ref. 93). It would be surprising were the endoplasmic reticulum not an important structure for metabolic compartmentation. 

Ross B, Guder W (1982) Heterogeneity and compartmentation in the kidney. In Sies H (ed) Metabolic compartmentation. Academic, London, pp 363-409... 

Ottersen OP, Zhang N, Walberg F (1992) Metabolic compartmentation of glutamate and glutamine morphological evidence obtained by quantitative immunochemistry in rat cerebellum. Neuroscience 46 519-534. 

Using the same antibody as Laake et al. (1999), Takumi et al. (1999a) demonstrated a selective enrichment of PAG in cochlear and vestibular hair cell mitochondria (Fig. 3A, Fig. 4). The gold particle density over supporting cell mitochondria was less than 15% of that in hair cells. This underscores the similarity between the CNS and inner ear as regards metabolic compartmentation. 

Ho SY, Delgado L, Storch J (2002) Monoacylglycerol metabolism in human intestinal Caco-2 cells evidence for metabolic compartmentation and hydrolysis. J Biol Chem 277 1816-1823... 

Srere, P. A. Mosbach, K. (1974). Metabolic compartmentation symbiotic, organellar, multienzymic, and microenvironmental. Ann. Rev. Microbiol. 28,61-83. 

Keppler, D. and Holstege, A. (1982) Pyrimidine nucleotide metabolism and its compartmen-tation. In Metabolic Compartmentation (ed. Sies, H.), Academic Press, London, pp. 147-203. 

ViMY MJ, Luet AJ and Lorscheider FL (1986) Estimation of mercury body burden from dental amalgam computer simulation of a metabolic compartmental model. J Dent Res 65 1415-1419. 

Sdling, H.D. (1982). Species dependent compartmentation of guanine nucleotide metabolism in the vertebrate liver cell. In Metabolic Compartmentation, ed. H. Sies, pp. 123—49. London Academic Press. 

Balazs R, Patel A ], and Richter D. (1973) Metabolic compartments m the brain their properties and relation to morphological structures, in Metabolic Compartmentation in the Brain (Balazs R. and Cremer J. E, eds ), pp 167-185 Macmillan, London Balcom G. J, Lenox R H, and Meyerhoff J. L, (1975) Regional y-ammobutync acid levels in rat brain determined after microwave fixation. / Neurochem 24, 609-613... 

Berl S and Clarke D. D (1978) Metabolic Compartmentation of the Glutamate-Glutamine System, Glial Contribution, in Ammo Acids as Chemical Transmitters (Fonnum, F, ed ) pp 691-708, Plenum, New York. 

Cheng S.-C (1972) Compartmentation of Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle Intermediates and Related Metabolites, in Metabolic Compartmentation m the Brain (Balazs R and Cremer J E, eds ), pp 107-118 MacMillan, London... 

Cremer J E, Heath D F, Patel A. J., Balazs R, and Cavanagh J B (1975) An Experimental Model of CNS Changes Associated with Chronic Liver Disease Portocaval Anastomosis in the Rat, m Metabolic Compartmentation and Neurotransmisswn (Berl S, Clarke D.D, and Schneider D, eds ), pp 461-478, Plenum, New York... 

Patel J A. (1982) The Distribution and Regulation in Nerve Ceils and Astrocytes of Certain Enzymes Associated with the Metabolic Compartmentation of Glutamate, in Neurotransmitter Interaction and Compartmentahon (Bradford A.F, ed ), pp. 411-429, Plenum, New York. 

Patel A J, Johnsen A L, and Balazs R (1974) Metabolic compartmentation of glutamate associated with the formation of 7-aminobutyrate /. Neurochem 23, 1271-1279... 

Thanki C M., Sugden D., Thomas N J., and Bradford H. F (1983) In VIVO release from cerebral cortex of [ " C]-glutamate synthesized from [U- C]-glutamate. / Neuwchem 41, 611-617 van den Berg C J (1973) A Model of Compartmentation m Mouse Brain Based on Glucose and Acetate Metabolism, in Metabolic Compartmentation in the Brain (Balazs R and Cremer J E, eds ), pp 137-166, MacMillan,... 

Association of enzymes into multienzyme systems and complexes, i. e. metabolic compartmentation. 

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