Mesoscale eddies

Below 500 m, the BSGC is poorly studied it significantly differs from the surface pattern by low mean velocities (not higher than 0.01-0.03 ms-1) and a prevalence of mesoscale eddies with anticyclonic vorticity instantaneous velocities here may reach 0.30-0.40ms-1 only owing to short-period (inertial, etc.) motions. 

Korotaev GK, Nikiforov AA (2001) Crossfrontal transport by mesoscale eddies in the Black Sea. In Ecological Safety of Coastal and Shelf Zones and Complex Use of the Shelf Resources. Marine Hydrophysical Institute, Sevastopol, Ukraine, p 40 (in Russian)... 

The next stage in the cascade energy transfer from the external forcing over the horizontal scales is the formation of mesoscale eddies [35]. 

The suboxic zone is defined as the region between where oxygen decreases to near zero (O2 < 10 xM) and where sulfide first appears (H2S > 1 iM) [16, 17]. Many important redox reactions involving Fe, Mn, N, and other intermediate redox elements occur in the suboxic zone. Similar redox reactions take place in sediments throughout the world s oceans, but they are easier to study in the Black Sea because they are spread out over a depth scale of tens of meters (rather than centimeter or millimeter scales as in sediments). The Black Sea suboxic layer hydrophysical structure is very stable compared with other ocean redox regions such as Cariaco Trench, which is influenced by mesoscale eddies, or the Baltic Sea that is influenced by inflows of the North Sea saline oxygenated waters in cold winters. 

Sweeney et al. (2003) Impacts of mesoscale eddies on primary production and particle flux. High export events occurred during passage of mode water eddies, but production was suppressed during anticyclones... 

McGillicuddy et al. Surveys of mesoscale eddies showed that upper ocean... 

Sweeney, E. N., McGiUicuddy, D. J., and Buesseler, K. O. (2003). Biogeochemical impacts due to mesoscale eddy activity in the Sargasso Sea as measured at the Bermuda Atlantic time series (BATS) site. Deep Sea Res. II50, 3017—3039. 

Allen, C. B., Kanda, J., and Laws, E. A. (1996). New production and photosynthetic rates within and outside a cyclonic mesoscale eddy in the North Pacific subtropical gyre. Deep Sea Res. 143, 917—936. 

Benitez-Nelson, C. R., ei al. (+23 authors) (2007). Mesoscale eddies drive increased silica export in the subtropical Pacific Ocean. Science 312, 1017—1021. 

Equation (12), when used in large-scale coarse resolution (non-eddy resolving) models, is incomplete in one other respect. The effect of mesoscale eddies on tracer transport includes an additional, advective-like mechanism sometimes referred to as bolus transport (see Gent and McWilliams, 1990 Gent et al., 1995). This can be included in Equation (12) as... 

Analysis of the early spread of the SFg dye patch on isopycnals revealed isopycnal mixing rates of order 0.07 m s for spatial scales of 100-1,000 m, which increased to 2m s on 1-10 km scales. At this intermediate stage, the character of the tracer patch was dominated by straining and streaking by the mesoscale eddy field, and the streaks grew at an exponential rate. At the terminal stages of the experiment,... 

The surface motion of the sea takes place on a variety of scales from mm capillary waves to mesoscale eddies. At low wind conditions it seems that there are some scales that dominate with regard to slick-formation. They give rise to long filamentary structures observed on optical- as well as SAR-images of the sea surface, where they have a transverse dimension of the order of 100 m and longitudinal coherence for several kilometres (Scully-Powers 1986). 

Salihoglu, I., Saydam, C., Basturk, O., Yilmaz, K., Gocmen, D., Hatipoglu, E. and Yilmaz, A. (1990) Transport and Distribution of nutrients and chlorophyll-a by mesoscale eddies in the Northeastern Mediterranean. Marine Chemistry, 29, 375-390. 

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