Gyres subtropical

Karl, D. M., Letelier, R., Hebei, D. et al. (1995). Ecosystem changes in the North Pacific subtropical gyre attributed to the 1991-92 El Nino. Nature 373, 230-234. 

Benitez-Nelson C, Buesseler KO, Karl D, Andrews J (2001b) A time-series study of particulate matter export in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre based upon " Th U disequilibrium. Deep-Sea Res I 48 2595-2611... 

Karl, D.M. 1999. A Sea of Change Biogeochemical Variability in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. Ecosystems 2 181-214. 

Sarmiento, J.L., T.M.C. Hughes, R.J. Stouffer, and S. Manabe. 1998. Simulated response of the ocean carbon cycle to anthropogenic warming. Nature 393(6682) 245-249. Sarmiento, J., G. Theile, R.M. Key, and W.S. Moore. 1990. Oxygen and nitrate new production and remineralization in the North Atlantic subtropical gyre. Journal of Geophysical Research 95 18303-18315. 

Depth profiles of Ne, N2, Ar, Kr, and Xe supersaturations (in %) measured at station ALOHA (22°45 N 158°W) in August 2004. Station ALOHA is located in the central region of fhe North Pacific Subtropical Gyre, about 100 km north of Oahu. Equilibrium with the atmosphere is indicated by the vertical line at 0%. Points indicate individual samples while the lines are the average of duplicates. Source After Hamme, R. C., and J. P. Severinghaus (2007). Deep Sea Research Part I Oceanographic Research Papers 54, 939-950. 

Oligotrophic denotes waters of the central parts of the subtropical gyres. Transitional denotes waters that lie between the subtropical and subpolar zones and also includes the extremities of the equatorial divergence zones. Source. After Eppley R. N. and B. J. Peterson (1979). Nature 282, 677-680. 

Sarmiento, J., G. Theile, R.M. Key, and W.S. Moore. 1990. Oxygen and nitrate new production and remineralization in the North Atlantic subtropical gyre. Journal of Geophysical Research 95 18303-18315. 

Teira E, Pazo MJ, Quevedo M, Fuentes MV, Niell FX, Fernandez E (2003) Rates of dissolved organic carbon production and bacterial activity in the eastern North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre during summer. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 249 53-67... 

AbeU, J., Emerson, S., and Renaud, P. (2000). Distributions of TOP, TON and TOC in the North Pacific subtropical gyre Implications for nutrient supply in the surface ocean and reminerahzation in the upper thermocline. Journal of Marine Research 58(2), 203-222. 

Karl, D. M., Bidigare, R. R., and Letelier, R. M. (2001a). Long-term changes in plankton community structure and productivity in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre The domain shift hypothesis. Deep Sea Res. II. 48, 1449-1470. 

Zehr, J. P., et al. (2007). Experiments linking nitrogenase gene expression to nitrogen fixation in the North Pacific subtropical gyre. Limnol. Oceanogr. 52, 169—183. 

Sutka, R. L., Ostrom, N. E., Ostrom, P. H., and Phanikumar, M. S. (2004). Stable nitrogen isotope dynamics of dissolved nitrate in a transect from the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre to the Eastern Tropical North Pacific. Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta 68, 517—527. 

Gyre N Atlantic Subtropical June Euphotic zone ww 0.45-1.0 1.5-2.6 Lewis et al., 1986... 

Bates, N. R. (2001). Interannual variability of oceanic CO2 and biogeochemical properties in the Western North Atlantic subtropical gyre. Deep Sea Res. II48, 1507—1528. 

Zehr, J. P., Montoya, J. P., Jenkins, B. D., Hewson, I., Mondragon, E., Short, C. M., Church, M. J., Hansen, A., and Karl, D. M. (2007). Experiments linking nitrogenase gene expression to nitrogen fixation in the North Pacific subtropical gyre. Limnol. Oceanogr. 52, 169—183. 

South Atlantic Subtropical Gyre Providence Sept—Oct 2000 NH4+... 

North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre Providence Sept-Oct 2000 NO3-... 

Nucleic acids are another ON pool that has received attention recently. In the North Pacific Subtropical gyre 11—35% of total enzymatically hydrolyzable dissolved DNA (ehD-DNA) production was due to lysis of bacteria (Brum, 2005) indicating that other processes contribute significandy to the ehD-DNA pool likely candidates were bacterial exudation, bacterial autolysis, and bactivory. Rates of D-DNA production from viruses were lowest at the surface (5 m, 0.019—0.042 ng ml h ), fairly constant within the upper 45 m, and highest at the deepest station sampled (75 m, 0.062—0.120 ng ml h, Brum, 2005). 

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