Mercury aquatic systems

Mercury movement in aquatic systems two case studies... 

Kelly CA, Rudd JWM, St. Louis VL, Heyes A. 1995. Is total mercury concentration a good predictor of methylmercury concentration in aquatic systems Water Air Soil Pollut 80 715-724. 

Diisopropyl methylphosphonate does not undergo direct or indirect photolysis in aquatic systems, as demonstrated by the stability of the compound in distilled water or in a natural water sample after 232 hours of reaction time with the mercury lamp filtered to exclude all wavelengths below 290 nm (Spanggord et al. 1979). 

Allard, B. and I. Arsenie. 1991. Abiotic reduction of mercury by humic substances in aquatic system — an important process for the mercury cycle. Water Air Soil Pollut. 56 457-464. 

Eisler, R. 1978. Mercury contamination standards for marine environments. Pages 241-272 in J.H. Thorp and J.W. Gibbons (eds.). Energy and Environmental Stress in Aquatic Systems. U.S. Dep. Energy Symp. Ser. 48, CONF-771114. Available from Natl. Tech. Infor. Serv., U.S. Dep. Commerce, Springfield, VA 22161. Eisler, R. 1981. Trace Metal Concentrations in Marine Organisms. Pergamon Press, NY. 687 pp. 

Pelletier, E. (1995). Environmental organometallic chemistry of mercury, tin and lead present status and perspectives. In Metal Speciation and Bioavailability in Aquatic Systems, eds. Tessier, A. and Turner, D. R., Vol. 3, IUPAC Series on Analytical and Physical Chemistry of Environmental Systems, Series eds. Buffle, J. and van Leeuwen, H. P., John Wiley Sons, Chichester, pp. 103-148. 

Akagi, H.. Mortimer, D.C., and Miller. D.R. Mercury methylation and partition in aquatic systems. Bull Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 23(2) 372-376, 1979. 

The certification procedure for seven trace metals (Ba, Ca, Li, Mg, Mn, Na and Sr) in the certified reference material FEBS-1 (National Research Council Canada, Institute for National Measurement Standards, Ottawa, Canada) based on fish otolith matrix by isotope dilution - ICP-MS in comparison to ICP optical emission spectrometry and X-ray fluorescence analysis, is described by Sturgeon et al4X The isotope dilution technique is also employed for species analysis in biological systems,46 e.g., for the determination of mercury species in tuna material,54 or in aquatic systems using cold vapour ICP-MS.55... 

Hg2 ion-selective electrode calibration curve from J. A. Shatkin, H. S. Brown, and S. licht, Composite Graphite Ion Selective Electrode Array Potentiometry for the Detection of Mercury and Other Relevant Ions in Aquatic Systems, Anal. Chem. 1995, 67,1147. It was not stated in the paper, but we presume that all solutions had the same ionic strength. 

The principle of the isotope dilution analysis (IDA) is described in Section 6.4. Due to its advantages as a definitive and accurate analytical method for the determination of element concentration via isotope ratio measurements, IDA is being increasingly applied in mass spectrometry, especially in ICP-MS and LA-ICP-MS as one of the most frequently used techniques. For example, the isotope dilution technique is employed in species analysis in biological systems, " e.g., for the determination of mercury species in tuna material,or in aquatic systems. Further applications of the isotope dilution technique are the determination of selenomethionine in human blood serum by capillary HPLC-ICP (ORC) MS ° or sulfur speciation in gas oil, diesel or heating fuel by LA-ICP-MS. Evans and co-workers have reported on the high accuracy analysis of sulfur in diesel fuel by IDA. ICP-SFMS has been employed for Si species analysis in biological or clinical samples and... 

Anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) can be very usefiil in studies of metal complexation in natural aquatic systems. The technique can be used, under favorable conditions, to determine metal concentrations as low as 10 molL. Further, and again under appropriate conditions, stabihty constants may be determined in a manner analogous to that used in polarography. The principle of the technique involves deposition of a metal ion in reduced form on a static mercury electrode followed by reoxidation through reversal of the polarity. The reoxidation current is related to the metal concentration in the analyte. In the presence of a... 

The human-related sources of mercury to the environment are numerous and widespread. Most direct inputs of mercury from point sources to aquatic systems have largely been contained in most developed countries. Inputs of mercury to the environment via the atmosphere are of the greatest concern. These emissions, coupled with long-distance transport of elemental mercury, have resulted in elevated concentrations of mercury in fish from locations that are removed from anthropogenic sources (e.g., open-ocean, and semi-remote regions in the United States, Canada, Scandinavia Wiener et al., 2002). A summary of the fluxes from major sources (for 1995) is shown... 

Gilmour C. C. and Henry E. A. (1991) Mercury methylation in aquatic systems affected by acid deposition. Environ. Pollut. 71(2-4), 131-169. 

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