Membrane market

From a commercial point of view, inorganic membranes will become increasingly interesting. In 1989, the inorganic membrane market was estimated to be 31 million, of which 28 million was in ultra- and microfiltration (Egan 1989). By 1999 the total is projected to reach 432 million, of which 80 million will be in gas separation, primarily in refineries (Crull 1989). 

Crull, A. 1989. Inorganic Membranes Markets, Technologies, Players. Business Communications. Company., Inc. Norwalk, CT. —... 

UOP Separex membrane comprising cellulose acetate (CA) polymer has been extensively used for CO2 removal from natural gas and currently holds the membrane market leadership for this appUcation. The UOP Polysep membrane, a polymeric membrane, has been successfully applied to H2 separation processes. 

So, any attempt to minimize the specific electromembrane costs, especially now that the membrane market is open to new Far East manufacturers (Table II), is expected to reduce significantly the investment and membrane replacement costs. 

Medical applications are among the most important in the membrane market, with hemodialysis, blood oxygenators, plasma separation and fractionation being the traditional areas of applications, while artificial and bioartificial organs and regenerative medicine represent emerging areas in the field. 

Business Communications Co. 1994, "Inorganic membranes markets, technologies, and players Report No. A6GB-112R. 

PEMEAS, a 2004 spin-off from Celanese AG, has developed a membrane made from the heat-resistant polymer PBI. The PBI membrane marketed by PEMEAS under the brand name Celtec enables a fuel cell to operate at temperatures of up to 200°C (392°F), while more conventional technologies allow PEMFC-operating temperatures of up to 100°C (212°F). Due... 

Business Communications Company Inorganic membranes markets, technologies, players February 1994 press release. 

A. Crull, Prospects for the inorganic membrane business, in A.J. Burggraaf, J. Charpin and L. Cot (Eds.) Proceedings ICIM2-91. Key Eng. Mater., 6 I62 (1991) 279-288. Business Communications Co. Inc., Inorganic Membranes Markets, Technologies, Players. BCC Report No. RGB-112R, Jan. 1994. 

Among others, spiral-wound and hollow-fiber modules are two commonly available RO membrane products on the market. Currently, spiral-wound modules have approximately 80 /o of the total RO membrane market. Thin film composite membrane... 

Crull A.W., " The evolving membrane market" P.041 Business Communications CO., Inc., Conn.USA... 

Dyclonine hydrochloride (dyclone) has a rapid onset of action and duration of effect comparable to that of procaine. It is absorbed through the skin and mucous membranes. Marketing of dyclonine solutions for clinical use has been discontinued in the U.S. Dyclonine is an active ingredient of OTC medications including sore throat lozenges (sucrets, others), a gel for cold sores (tanac), and a 0.75% solution (skin shield) to protect against contact dermatitis. 

In this major section the fundamentals and the main problems of these pressure-driven membrane processes will be summarized. A short overview will then be given of the membrane preparation methods and the most common materials used. Their application in organic media will then be reviewed in more detail, followed by comments on the current commercial membrane market and some perspectives for the future. 

A consequence of these changes, and of the underlying economic forces, is that the bulk chemicals sector has been grow ing less rapidly than the w hole industry, and so has its demand for membranes. It is estimated that bulk chemicals and petrochemicals applications represented about 40% of the membrane market in the w hole chemicals industry in 2007 (12% of the global membrane market), or about 1.5 billions, grow ing at just over 5% per annum. 

One bertef t of this sector in the membrane market, hcw ever, is that operators are well accustomed to high pressure working, so that the dittei ential pressures required for some membrane processes will normally present no problems. 

The actual membrane market for gas separation is being led by polymeric membranes during the past 20 years, sales of membrane gas separation equipment have grown to become a 150 million/year business [111,112]. However, the future of membrane technology will mainly be in refining, petrochemical, and natural gas industries. Examples of important... 

---