Membrane hpids

The new lipid occurred only in the plasma hpids of newborns and was not present in membrane hpids of red cell membranes or platelets. Total lipids were extracted from plasma and from red blood cell membranes and platelets. A total lipid profile was obtained by a three-directional PLC using silica gel plates and was developed consecutively in the following solvent mixtures (1) chloroform-methanol-concen-trated ammonium hydroxide (65 25 5, v/v), (2) chloroform-acetone-methanol-ace-tic acid-water (50 20 10 15 5, v/v), and (3) hexane-diethyl ether-acetic acid (80 20 1, v/v). Each spot was scraped off the plate a known amount of methyl heptadecanoate was added, followed by methylation and analysis by GC/MS. The accmate characterization of the new lipid was realized using NMR technique. 

Kramer, S. D. Begley, D. J. Abbott, N. J., Relevance of cell membrane hpid composition to blood-brain barrier function Lipids and fatty acids of different BBB models, Am. Assoc. Pharm. Sci. Ann. Mtg., 1999. 

In many eukaryotic plasma membranes, PS resides in the inner leaflet (Schroit and Zwaal, 1991 Zachowski, 1993). This transbilayer distribution of membrane hpids is not a static situation but a result of balance between the inward and outward translocation of phospholipids across the membranes. Recent studies showed that the transbilayer lipid asymmetry is regulated by several lipid transporter proteins, such as aminophospholipid translocase (Daleke and Lyles, 2000), ATP-binding cassette transporter family (van Helvoort et al, 1996 Klein et al, 1999), and phospholipid scramblase (Zhou et al, 1997 Zhao et al, 1998). An increment of intracellular due to cell activation, cell injury, and apoptosis affects the activities of these transporters, resulting in exposure of PS (Koopman et al, 1994 Verhoven et al, 1995) and PE (Emoto et al, 1997) on the cell surface. 

Buettner, G. R., KeUey, E. E., and Bums, C. P., 1993, Membrane hpid free radicals produced from LI 210 murine leukemia ceUs by photofrin photosensitization an electron paramagnetic resonance spin trapping study. Cancer Res. S3 3670-3673. 

Bums, C. P., and Dudley, D. T., 1982, Temperature dependence and effect of membrane hpid alterahon on melphalan transport in LI 210 murine leukemia cehs, Biochem. Pharmacol. 31 2116-2119. 

LIPID Membrane lipid structures http //www.biochem.missoun.edu/LIPIDS/membrane hpid.html... 

Exton, J.H. (1994). Messenger molecules derived from membrane hpids. Curr. Opinion in Cell Biol. 6, 226 229. 

Bruneau C, Staedel-Haig C, Cremel G, Leray C, Beck JP, Hubert P. Influence of lipid environment on insulin binding in cultured hepatoma cells. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1987 928 287-296. Bruneau C, Hubert P, Waksman A, Beck JP, Staedel-Haig C. Modifications of cellular hpids induce insulin resistance in cultured hepatoma cells. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1987 928 297-304. Ginsberg BH, Jabour J, Spector AA. Effect of alterations in membrane hpid unsaturation on the properties of the insuhn receptor of Ehrhch ascites cells. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1982 690 157-164. 

Membrane-bomid piotem tyiosine phosphatase expressed by all hematopoiebc cells Appears on aU leukocytes pr omotes intercellular adhesion Cell surface or inabix molecule promotes bmdmg to LFA-1 Intermediate filament protein liiglily expressed by acbvated ashocytes Breaks down membrane hpids to form arachidonic acid... 

Poge, A.P., Baumann, K., Muller, E., Leichsenring, M., Schmidt, H., Bremer, H.J. (1998) Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in plasma and erythrocyte membrane hpids of children with phenylketonuria after controlled hnoleic intake. J. Inherit. Metab. Dis. 21 373-381. 

Studies of membranes, hpids (including phospholipids), and other such amphiphilic biomolecules on electrodes are rather hmited due to the redox inactivity of these materials. Nevertheless, a few reports exist of studies of bilayer membranes and hpid amphiphiles on SERS surfaces and are mentioned here as exemplar studies due to the unique insight they offer. 

G. Muller, N. Hanekop, W. Kramer, W. Bandlow, and W. Frick, Interaction of phosphoinositolglycan(-peptides) with plasma membrane hpid rafts of rat adipocytes, Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 2002,... 

In the presence of diluent molecules in the extracellular medium, microorganisms tend to decrease the fluidity of their cytoplasmic membranes. The decreased fluidity of the cytoplasmic membrane increases its rigidity and viscosity, thus reducing the ability of the diluent molecules to penetrate into the structure of the cytoplasmic membrane [2]. Three mechanisms by which the fluidity of the cytoplasmic membrane can be decreased have been reported in the literature to date. The first one is the homeoviscous adaptation which involves changing the proportions of fatty acids in the membrane hpids [19, 22-25]. The second mechanism is the increase in the relative concentration of proteins relative to hpids in the cytoplasmic membrane [26]. The third mechanism involves the change in ceU shape and has been reported for archae [18]. 

Fig. 3.1 Model for the signal transduction pathway leading to membrane fluidity optimization in B. subtilis. (A) A kinase dominant state of DesK predominates upon an increase in the proportion of ordered membrane hpids. The phosphate group is transferred to DesR. Two DesR-P dimers interact with the des promoter and RNA polymerase, resulting in transcriptional activation of des. (B) A5-Des is synthesized and desaturates the acyl chains of membrane phospholipids. The decrease in membrane lipids order favors the phosphatase-dominant state of DesK. DesR is dephosphorylated, resulting in decreased transcription of the des gene...

Dobrosotskaya lY, Seegmiller AC, Brown MS, Goldstein JL, Rawson RB. Regulation of SREBP processing and membrane hpid production by phospholipids in Drosophila. 

Jones, D.L., Kochian, L.V., 1997. Aluminum interaction with plasma membrane hpids and enzyme metal binding sites and its potential role in A1 cytotoxicity. FEES Lett. 400, 51-57. 

The overproduction of RONS may damage biological systems through peroxidation of membrane hpids, oxidative damage of nucleic acids and carbohydrates, and oxidation of... 

Hurley, J.H. and Meyer, T. (2001). Subcellular targeting by membrane Hpids. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 13, 146-152. 

There was a little difference in the content of each CLA isomer in the liver TL of the rats fed CLN diets (Table 4), suggesting the same bioconversion rate of each CLN isomer to the corresponding CLA isomer, namely, the same biohydrogenation rate at the cl 3 double bond of c9,tll,cl3-CLN and <9,tll,cl3-CLN, at the tl3 double bond of c9,tll,tl3-CLN, and at the cl2 double bond of t8,flO,cl2-CLN. On the other hand, the contents of t9,tl 1-CLA and t8,tl0-CLA in the liver PL of the rats fed the CTO and PMO diets were higher than those of c9,tll-CLA in rats fed the PMO and BGO diets. This may be due to the higher incorporation rate of the t/t CLA isomer into the cell membrane hpids. 

Various liquid-crystal structures have been observed in many amphiphilic systems, such as block copolymers in selective solvents [1, 2], membrane hpids [3], and surfactants in aqueous solution [4]. These structures have found widespread application in the preparation of mesoporous templates [5], the colloidal structure design of nanomaterials, including semiconducting assemblies [6], and the formation of micro structured polymeric gels [7] and vesicles for drug delivery [8],... 

Fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) were produeed by aeidie methanolysis of mitochondrial membrane hpids [11] or itsing one-step methylation of fatty aeids, exeluding the extraction of hpids [12]. The MEFAwere puriCfedby the method of thin layer chromatography on the siliea plates and hexanol elution. For a quantitative eontrol of the methanolysis process. An internal standard— pentadecane was used. 

Radi, R., J. S. Beckman, K. M. Bush, and B. A. Freeman. 1991. Peroxynitrite-induced membrane hpid peroxidation The cytotoxic potential of superoxide and nitric oxide. Arch Riochem Rionhv.<, 288 (2) 481-7. 

FIGURE 2 The changes of microviscosity value (rotational correlation time - x of 16-DSA) depending on the time in the depth of membrane Hpids at different concentrations of DPhO (10-=-10- M). 

It is well accepted that CLA isomers may be incorporated into membrane hpids. It... 

Phospholipids, glycolipids, and cholesterol are the major components of mammahan cell-membrane hpids. They... 

---