Melilot

Honig-harnruhr, f. diabetes mellitus. -klee, m. sweet clover, melilot. -saft, m. nectar, -silure, /. Pharm.) oxymel mellitic acid, -acheibe, /. honeycomb, -aeim, m. liquid honey. -stein, m. honeystone, mellite. -steinsilure, /. mellitic acid, honigsliss, a. honey-sweet. 

Stein-kem, m. stone (in fruit, in burnt lime), -kitt, m. cement for stone, -klee, m. melilot (Melilotua, esp. M. officinalia) white clover (Trifolium repena). -kohle, /. mineral coal, coal. 

Melilotic acid 3. Dihydroxy-stearic acid 3. Camphene 3. Phloretin... 

Figure 2. Linear regression plot of root growth inhibition of tomato and radish seedlings by o and -hydroxyphenyl) acids. o-Hydroxycinnamic acid, (o-hydroxyphenyl) acetic acid ( ) melilotic acid, 2-(o-hydroxyphenyl) butanoic acid ( ) o-hydroxy-benzoic acid, ( -hydroxypheny 1 )acetic acid (0) -hydroxycinnamic acid, =hydroxybenzoic acid, 3-( -hydroxyphenyl) propanoic acid (X) o-coumaryl glucoside, water control (----) (1 ). ...

Electroreduction of Coumarin. The principal cathodic reaction of coumarin is the reduction to melilotic acid (Fig. 10.18). A second reduction product is an approximately equimolar mixture of o-hydroxyphenylpropanol and o-propylphenol (Fig. 10.18). Hence, there are three reactions involving coumarin. 

This FAD-dependent enzyme [EC 1.14.13.4], also known as melilotate 3-monooxygenase and 2-hydroxyphenyl-propionate hydroxylase, catalyzes the reaction of 3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate with NADH and dioxygen to produce 3-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoate, NAD+, and water. 

LYSINE MONOOXYGENASE MALATE DEHYDROGENASE MELILOTATE HYDROXYLASE... 

MEISENHEIMER ADDUCT TWO-PROTONIC STATE ELECTROPHILES Melilotate,... 

MELILOTATE HYDROXYLASE MELILOTATE HYDROXYLASE Melilotate 3-monooxygenase,... 

LYSINE MONOOXYGENASE LYSYL HYDROXYLASE MANDELATE 4-MONOOXYGENASE MELILOTATE HYDROXYLASE METHANE MONOOXYGENASE... 

Melilotus alba Medicus M. indica (L.) All. M. suaveolens Ledeb. Be Han Cao (Clover) (whole plant) Hydroxycinnamic acid, coumarinic acid, 4-hydroxycinnamic acid, cumaric acid, umbelliferone, scopoletin, melilotoside, melilotic acid, beta-D-glucosyloxy, dicumarol, chlogogenic acid, caffeic acid, melilotic acid.48 Anticoagulant, treat bowel complaints, infantile diarrhea. A bactericide. 

Melilotic acid Melilotus alba, M. suaveolens, M. indica... 

Cardamoms, Catnep, Cloves, Dill, Fennel, Melilot, Peppermint,... 

EMOLLIENTS Soften, make supple, and counteract dryness and harshness of internal and external surfaces. —Liquorice, Marshmallow, Melilot, Slippery Elm. 

Jupiter. Melissa, bilberry, borage, chervil, cinquefoil, dandelion, dock, endive, hyssop, house-leek, melilot, oak, roses. 

Coumarin constituents (black cohosh, chamomile, fenugreek, horse chestnut, sweet melilot, tonka beans, sweet woodruff). Naturally occurring coumarins are only weakly anticoagulant, but improper storage causes the production of dicoumarol by microbial transformation. Woodruff may contain constituents of warfarin... 

SYNS p-ACETYLTOLUENE ETHANONE, l-(4-METHYLPHENYL)-(9CI) FEMA No. 2677 MELILOTAL p-METHYL ACETOPHENONE 1-METHYD4-ACETYLBENZENE METHYL-p-TOLYL KETONE... 

Sweet clover has a long history of medicinal use, often as an antiflammatory or analgesic preparation in the form of ointments and poultices. Melilotus officinalis (yellow sweet clover, or ribbed melilot) was reputed to have been a favorite herbal treatment used by King Henry VIII of England and the plant is still referred to as King s Clover in some publications (175). 

Coumarin is found in a large number of plants belonging to many different families including tonka beans, woodruff, lavender oil, cassia, melilot (sweet clover), and other plants. It is found in edible plants such as strawberries, cinnamon, peppermint, green... 

The mechanism for the hydroxylation of aromatic substrates by flavoprotein monooxygenases has been the subject of signiflcant research interest and controversy over the past decade. These enzymes (p-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase, phenol hydroxylase, and melilotate hydroxylase) catalyze the initial step in the )8-ketoadipic acid pathway, the hydroxylation of substituted phenols into catechols (Scheme 55). Oxygen is required as cosubstrate, which is activated by the reduced FAD cofactor. The complex mechanism for the oxidative half-reaction is thought to consist of at least four steps and three intermediates 239-242) and to involve a controversial 4a,5-ring-opened flavin 242, 249, 250) (Scheme 56). The flavin C4a-hydroperoxy intermediate 64 and flavin C4a-hydroxy intermediate 65 have been assigned the structures shown in Scheme 56 based on the UV absorbance spectra of various model compounds compared with that of the modified enzyme cofactor alkylated at N(5) 243). However, evidence for the intermediacy of various ring-opened flavin species has been tentative at best, as model compounds and model reactions do not support such an intermediate 242). 

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