Medicine spectroscopy

Assi S, Watt R, Moffat T. Comparison of laboratory and handheld Raman instruments for the identification of counterfeit medicines. Spectroscopy 2011 (June Suppl) 36-47. 

Nujol A trade name for a heavy medicinal liquid paraffin. Extensively used as a mulling agent in spectroscopy. 

The search for structural fragments (substructures) is very important in medicinal chemistry, QSAR, spectroscopy, and many other fields in the process of perception of pharmacophore, chromophore, or other -phores. 

Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy has been used for quality control and test analysis in many industries including computers, semiconductors, metals, cement, paper, and polymers. EDS has been used in medicine in the analysis of blood, tis-... 

DETERMINATION OF THE ACTIVE CONSTITOENTS IN A MEDICINAL PREPARATION OY DERIVATIVE SPECTROSCOPY 17.51... 

Determination of the active constituents in a medicinal preparation by derivative spectroscopy 717... 

Nabiev, I., Chourpa, I., and Manfait, M. (1994) Applications of Raman and surface-enhanced Raman-scattering spectroscopy in medicine, J. Raman Spectrosc. 25, 13-23. 

Widespread medicinal use of colloidal bismuth subcitrate (CBS) has prompted extensive studies of bismuth compounds involving the citrate anion. Bismuth citrate is essentially insoluble in water, but a dramatic increase in solubility with increasing pH has been exploited as a bio-ready source of soluble bismuth, a material referred to as CBS. Formulation of these solutions is complicated by the variability of the bismuth anion stoichiometry, the presence of potassium and/ or ammonium cations, the susceptibility of bismuth to oxygenation to Bi=0, and the incorporation of water in isolated solids. Consequently, a variety of formulas are classified in the literature as CBS. Solids isolated from various, often ill-defined combinations of bismuth citrate, citric acid, potassium hydroxide, or ammonium hydroxide have been assigned formulas on the basis of elemental analysis data or by determination of water and ammonia content, but are of low significance in the absence of complementary data other than thermal analysis (163), infrared spectroscopy (163), or NMR spectroscopy (164). In this context, the Merck index lists the chemical formula of CBS as KgfNHJaBieOafOHMCeHsCbh in the 11th edition (165), but in the most recent edition provides a less precise name, tripotassium dicitrato bismuthate (166). 

In the present work, emphasis is placed on summarizing recent applications of atomic absorption spectroscopy for the analysis of biological and medicinal materials. Reports prior to mid 1967 are discussed in detail elsewhere 2 3)... 

Atomic absorption spectroscopy has been used for the analysis of several metals in numerous other biological, medicinal, and agricultural materials. Early determinations have been summarized 23). 

Feldman, F. J. Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. Applications in Agriculture, Biology and Medicine. New York Wiley-Interscience 1970. 

A. Duncan, J. H. Meek, M. Clemence, C. E. Elwell, L. Tyszczuk, M. Cope, and D. Delpy. Optical path length measurements on adult head, calf and forearm and the head of newborn infants using phase resolved spectroscopy. Physics in Medicine and Biology, 40 295-304, 1995. 

M. Hiraoka, M. Firbank, M. Essenpreis, M. Cope, S. R. Arridge, P. van der Zee, and D. T. Delpy. A monte carlo investigation of optical pathlength in inhomogeneous tissue and its application to near-infrared spectroscopy. Physics in Medicine and Biology, 38 1859-1876, 1993. 

Spectroscopy is another topic, a good knowledge of which is expected from any good chemist. The spectroscopy finds immense applications in the identification of several unknown compounds in the field of research and medicine. Here one has to be very careful in elucidating the correct structure of entities. Moreover in every examination (competitive or regular) one has to show his skill in the area of spectroscopy and therefore chapters on spectroscopy giving a clear and lucid account is also noteworthy. 

Joseph R. Lakiwicz Center for Fluorescence Spectroscopy and Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201. 

---