Medical bandages and stockings

Clinically, a limb edema is the result of swelling from excessive accumulation of serous fluid in tissue. It depends on two factors. First, excessive liquid is generated in the interstitial space due to obstructive venous diseases presenting as varicose veins or postthrombotic syndrome, heart or kidney failure, metabolic deficits with altered and low protein concentration in the blood, or many other conditions. Second, a lymphatic drainage deficit due to alteration of the lymphatic system can result in water and protein stagnation. Lymphedema frequently occurs in many upper- and lower-limb pathologies. 

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Medical textiles Recently, tubular-type knitted structure such as bandages, orthopedic supports, and medical compression stockings have been developed by three-dimensional flat bed knitting machines (Choi, 2005 Evans-Mikellis, 2012). 

There is a high demand for seamless products in the medical sector in various applications such as bandages, orthopedic supports, medical compression stockings, gloves, and many more. With the incorporation of high-performance fibre combined with technical developments, it is possible to design these products with unique features which are comfortable in addition to their other desired features. Specialized aesthetics, feeling of wellness, additional functionality, and other desired properties have helped in quick recovery. The use of seamless products can lead to certain medical procedures delayed or even avoided. 

Compression therapy involves the use of external pressure on the human body to treat venous and lymphatic diseases. Because liquids are able to swerve in the vascular system, the external pressure exerted on the body can have an obvious effect upon the tissues which are high in liquid content. In a medical sense, compression pressure is the resulting pressure on the enclosed tissue and embedded blood and lymphatic vessels. It can be generated by means of compression from outside (compression stocking, bandage, etc.), or from inside by the muscle which expands against the resistance of the compression. 

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