Measure of effect

Ruthven (gen. refs.) summarizes methods for the measurement of effective pore diffusivities that can be used to obtain tortuosity factors by comparison with the estimated pore diffusion coefficient of the adsorbate. Molecular diffusivities can be estimated with the methods in Sec. 6. 

Efficiency and effectiveness are broad terms that encompass the others. Productivity is a measure of efficiency and quality costs a measure of effectiveness, but there are others. Gustomer satisfaction is also a measure of effectiveness. 

Following the implementation of the error management program, evaluations of its effectiveness must be made on a continuing basis. Measures of effectiveness can be gained partly by direct discussions with individuals at all levels of the plant, using a predesigned evaluation checklist to ensure that all the evaluation dimensions are assessed in a systematic way. Examples of evaluation questions follow. 

The pursuit of operations research consists of (a) the judgment phase (what are the problems ), (b) the research phase (how to solve these problems), and (c) the decision phase (how to act on the finding and eliminate the problems). These phases require the evaluation of objectives, analysis of an operation and the collection of evidence and resources to be committed to the study, the (mathematical) formulation of problems, the construction of theoretical models and selection of measures of effectiveness to test the models in practice, the making and testing of hypotheses as to how well a model represents the problem, prediction, refinement of the model, and the interpretation of results (usually as possible alternatives) with their respective values (payoff). The decision-maker generally combines the findings of the... 

The na/ outcomes which are changes over time in the symptoms, welfare and quality of life of patients (and their families if relevant to the context), relative to some baseline position, standard or comparator. Final outcomes are clearly measures of effectiveness. They can equivalently be defined as reductions in need. 

Feldman RG, Niles C, Proctor SP, et al. 1992. Blink reflex measurement of effects of trichloroethylene exposure on the trigeminal nerve. Muscle Nerve 15 490-495. 

Percent extraction as the term implies provides directly a measure of effectiveness a solvent or a strippant used in solvent extraction. The mathematical expression of percent extraction is quite simple to derive simply from elementary considerations. This fact, therefore, spares the need to deduce. The expression for percent extraction, P, is shown as ... 

Fujioka, K., et al., 1998. Measurement of effective thermal conductivity of CaCl2 reactor beds used for driving chemical heat pumps, J. Chem. Eng. Japan, 31, 266-272. 

Mountain, R.D. Thirumalai, D., Measures of effective ergodic convergence in liquids, J. Phys. Chem. 1989, 93, 6975-6979... 

Sugisaki, R., Measurement of effective flow velocity of ground water by means of dissolved qases, American J. Sci.. 259. 144-153 (1961). 

Measurement of effects of depleted soil fertility from chlordane-induced earthworm suppression on migratory birds and other wildlife (NRCC 1975 WHO 1984)... 

SM-2) A measure of effectiveness of each potential sensor mode. This should be a function of both the mode (as defined above) and of the environment, or at least the estimate of it mentioned in... 

SM-4) A method for finding the optimal choice of mode over one or more epochs, based on the measure of effectiveness. 

We note that, at its simplest, the optimization will be on an epoch by epoch basis (the so-called greedy or myopic approach). In this case, the mode is chosen just to optimize for the next epoch and defer consideration of future behavior. A more sophisticated system would look several epochs ahead in applying the measure of effectiveness, though it would also update the scheduling policy on an epoch by epoch basis. Such an approach is, a priori, very computer intensive, and much work is needed to develop shortcuts to calculation of the optimal policy. Sometimes it may be appropriate to choose to measure the effectiveness of a policy only at the last epoch of application of that policy. 

In designing or improving a waveform library certain questions arise. Firstly it is important to establish the measure of effectiveness (MoE) for individual waveforms (cost function) and then to extend this to an MoE for the library. If a particular set of waveforms is added, will this improve the library in these terms and, on the other hand, how much will removing some waveforms reduce the utility of the library It is the purpose of this chapter to develop an information theoretic framework... 

If your measurement of effectiveness of the law is what action has been taken, then here is how your scoreboard looks ... 

Renal function Measurement of effects on urine excretion in saline loaded rats Renal dynamics Measurement of renal blood flow, GFR and clearance... 

Sinclair, J.C. and Bracken, M.B. (1994). Clinically useful measures of effect in binary analyses of randomized trials. J. Clin. Epidem. 47 881-889. 

Such stringent conditions are clearly not likely to be fulfilled by chance, and in fact data suitable for the accurate measurement of effective concentrations are available only for a handful of reactions. On the other hand, the range of EM s known is very large (from zero to 1016 M) and, certain specialized uses apart, very accurate figures are not essential. 

Growth should not be an objective for all firms. It is only one of several potential measures of effectiveness that might be chosen. And, while growth may be a significant contributor to profitability through its role as a complementary practice, other complementary practices such as innovation and talent can compensate for its absence. 

Measurement endpoint A measurable ecological characteristic that is related to the valued characteristic chosen as the assessment endpoint. Also known as measure of effect. ... 

It is important to note that such globally and annually averaged estimates of contributions to radiative forcing are not expected to be the sole measures of effects on climate. The inference may be mistakenly drawn that negative radiative forcing, e.g., through... 

For many purposes, rather than using the total impulse I, it is more convenient to use an impulse per unit area per unit explosive weight, ie Ii = I/ca, or I = pGI/ca = p0I., (where pG is the density of the unexploded HE) which we shall call the impulse constant. The term I, has the dimensions of velocity and is closely related to specific impulse which is commonly used as a measure of effectiveness of propellant systems. 

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