Meaning of ‘Fast

In practice, DFT s can be efficiently computed by means of fast Fourier transforms (FFT s). 

Economou, A., Fielden, P. R., and Packham, A. J., Deconvolution of overlapping chromatographic peaks by means of fast Fourier and Hartley transforms, Analyst, 121, 97, 1996. 

Because of the high nucleophilicity 46 is trapped by means of fast irreversible anomeric O-alkylation and leads to 50.3 23 In general the equatorial oxygen bears the highest nucleophilicity under these reaction conditions. Accompanying the O-silyl group rearrangement and the anomeric benzylation excess NaH and benzyl bromide provides fully benzyl protected lactose derivative 9. 

Koal, T., A. Asperger, J. Efer, and W. Engewald (2003). Simultaneous determination of a wide spectrum of pesticides in water by means of fast on-line SPE-HPLC-MS-MS - a novel approach. Chromatogr. Suppl., 57 S93-S101. 

Most importantly, with the new cryostats the sample temperature can be regulated at will (while for the first generation, any alteration of the setting was most undesirable). Combined with the new means of fast and visual monitoring of the diffraction pattern, this opens unprecedented opportunities for in situ, real-time studies, for example of phase transitions. 

Prefractionation of proteins in an Arabidopsis thalicma leaf extract by means of fast-performance LC prior to SCXxRPLC-MS on a monolithic RPLC column allowed the identification of 1032 unique proteins in 4 mg of a protein plant leaf tissue extract [59]. Fractionation of human plasma proteins by on-line SCX and RPLC was performed prior to tryptic digestion [60]. The resulting 30 fractions were digested and analysed by LC-MS on a quadrupole-linear-ion-trap (Q-LIT) instmment. Using this approach, 1292 proteins were identified, some of which are know to be present at <10 ng/ml. 

For the purposes of our discussion we shall look in turn at the uses of each term in Eqn. 6. The Cq term should be noted to be a velocity (units are concentration or amount/time) and not a rate coefficient. The terms and K (whose components can sometimes be dissected by means of fast reaction techniques, vide infra) are used to describe the sensitivity of the enzyme reaction to a variety of changes, as described above. Their ratio k yK, with dimensions of a second-order rate coefficient (M sec ) is also useful and has been called the specificity constant by Brot and Bender [4]. For a single, covalent intermediate pathway (e.g. Eqn. 7, e.g. an acyl-enzyme pathway, this composite constant is insensitive to problems such as non-productive substrate binding, whilst its components are complicated by such problems. 

Mas, S., Fonrodona, G., Tauler, R., and Barbosa, J., Determinahon of phenohc acids in strawberry samples by means of fast liquid chromatography and multivariate curve resolution methods. Talanta, 71,... 

Ciaccia M, Pdati S, Cacciapagha R, Mandolini L, Di Stefano S. Effective catalysis of imine metathesis by means of fast transiminations between aromatic-aromatic or aro-matic-abphatic amines. Org Biomol Chem. 2014 12 3282-3287. 

The modern and realistic approach would be to record digitally and subsequently analyze numerically the ultrasonic pulse by means of Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT). The development of piezoelectric polymer films as wide-band transducers and digital data analysis by computer have enabled this technique to be used easily [9],... 

Andrieux, C.P., et al. 1991. Identification of the first steps of the electrochemical polymerization of pyrroles by means of fast potential step techniques. J Phys Chem 95 10158. 

The kinetics of c,e-type processes are also conveniently studied by means of fast-sweep cyclic voltammetry where the current measured depends on sweep-rate due to the time required for the electroactive species Ox to be produced from the initial reactant, C. Information on ks in relation to the magnitude ot k and k2 can be obtained from suitably designed experiments. 

D. Bassi, A. Boschetti, M. Scotoni, M. Zen Molecular beam diagnostics by means of fast superconducting bolometer. Appl. Phys. B 26, 99 (1981)... 

Besides the numerous fast GC applications on citrus essential oils, other oils have also been subjected to analysis, such as rose oil by means of ultrafast GC [53] and very fast GC [54], both using narrow-bore columns. Rosemary and chamomile oils have been investigated by means of fast GC on two short conventional columns of distinct polarity (5 m x 0.25 mm ID) [55]. The latter oil has also been analyzed through fast HS-SPME-GC on a narrow-bore column [56]. Fast and very fast GC analyses on narrow-bore columns have also been carried out on patchouli and peppermint oils [57]. 

Poriel C, Ferrand Y, Le Manx P, Rault-Berthelot J, Simonneaux G (2003) Poly (9,9-sprrobifluorene-manganese porph5oin) a new catalytic material for oxidation of aUcenes by iodobenzene diacetate and iodosylbenzene. Chem Common 9 1104—1105 Andrieux CP, Audebert P, Hapiot P, Saveant J-M (1991) Identification of the first steps of the electrochemical polymerization of p5nroles by means of fast potential step techiuques. J Phys Chem 95 10158-10164... 

Foca, G. et al. (2013) Classification of pig fat samples from different subcutaneous layers by means of fast and non-destructive analytical techniques. Food Res. Int, 52 (1), 185-197. 

FIGURE 5 Example of MCR applied to qualitative and quantitative analysis of compounds in strawberry samples by means of fast liquid chromatography and MCR-ALS. The multiset is formed by four triplicate standard mixtures of the phenolic acids at different concentration levels. Eight chromatographic runs of pure standard samples were also used for optimal MCR-ALS resolution. Source. Mas et al. [32]. 

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