MDMA synthesis

The following SPE sorbents have been reported for sample preparation prior to TLC analyses Cg chemically bonded silica gel in the TLC profiling of impurities in MDMA synthesis from piperonal " amino-bonded silica for fractionation of lipid classes" and recovery of lipids from Gaucher and Krabbe s disease patient tissue Cig silica gel for drugs in river water, resveratrol and piceid in wine, " and evolved alachlor collected in ethylene glycol " AgNOg-modified silica gel for determination of docosahexaenoic acid in bovine milk SBD-1 (styrene divinyl benzene) for organophosphorus pesticides in water " and Horisil for two oxycholesterols in raw and cooked meat. ... 

Kochana, J., Wilamowski, J. and Parczewski, A. TLC profiling of impurities of l-(3, 4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-2-nitropropene an intermediate in MDMA synthesis. Influence of sample preparation methods and conditions. J. Liq. Chromatogr. Relat. Technol. 27 2463-2470, 2004. 

Schmidt, C.J., and Taylor, V.L. Acute effects of methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) on 5-HT synthesis in the rat brain. 

The possible role of DA in the MDMA-indueed alterations of the serotonergie system was then examined. Teehniques previously used in studying the role of DA in the METH-indueed neuroehemieal effeets were employed. When DA synthesis was inhibited with MT, the effeet of multiple doses of MDMA on TPH activity (figure 6) and eoneentrations of 5-HT and 5-HIAA was attenuated. The degree of proteetion with MT seemed to be a funetion of the size and number of doses of MDMA used as well as a funetion of the serotonergie parameter that was measured. 

These experiments provide evidence that DA and/or its reactive metabolites are likely involved in MDMA-induced changes in the serotonergic system. When DA synthesis was inhibited with MT, or when DA innervation was interrupted by 6-OHDA lesions, the effects of MDMA were prevented or attenuated. Depletion of DA with reserpine, or inhibition of DA uptake with GBR 12909, also attenuated the effects of MDMA on the serotonergic system. 

This similarity between MDMA and PCA is also observed in vivo in that PCA produces both an acute and long-term depletion of 5-HT (Fuller et al. 1975 Steranka et al. 1977). Like PCA, the acute decrease in 5-HT concentrations produced by MDMA is associated with a decrease in the activity of the rate-limiting enzyme for 5-HT synthesis, tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH). The timecourse of this change in cortical enzyme activity is also shown in figure 1. More detailed analysis of this acute effect of MDMA and kinetic analysis of TPH activity reveals that the decrease in enzyme activity actually precedes the decline in transmitter levels and is due to a reduction in the activity of the enzyme (Schmidt and Taylor 1987 Schmidt and Taylor 1988). As shown for the cortex in figure 3, the decrease in 5-HT... 

HT release in the acute depletion of 5-HT has already been discussed. It may be that a rapid increase in 5-HT elicited by MDMA and its analogs is also involved in the inactivation of TPH. In contrast to the acute effect of MDMA on 5-HT synthesis, the reduction in 5-HT concentrations and the uptake of [ H]5-HT measured at 1 week after drug administration is less... 

Typically, neurotoxic effects of drugs on monoamine neurons have been assessed from reductions in brain levels of monoamines and their metabolites, decreases in the maximal activity of synthetic enzymes activity, and decreases in the active uptake carrier. In the present study, the traditional markers described above have been used, including the measurement of the content of monoamines and their metabolites in brain at several different timepoints following drug administration. Since reports in the literature have documented that MDMA and MDA can inhibit the activity of tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH), the rate-limiting enzyme in serotonin synthesis (Stone et al. 1986 Stone et al. 1987). it is unclear whether MDMA-induced reductions in the content of serotonin and its metabolite 5-hydroxyin-doleacetic acid (5-HlAA) may be due to suppressed neurotransmission in otherwise structurally intact serotonin neurons or may represent the eonsequenee of the destruction of serotonin neurons and terminals. 

Easton N, Fry J, O Shea E, Watkins A, Kingston S, et al. 2003. Synthesis, in vitro formation, and behavioural effects of glutathione regioisomers of alpha-methyldopamine with relevance to MDA and MDMA (ecstasy). Brain Res 987 144-154. 

Merck researchers first reported the synthesis of MDMA in 1912. The company obtained a patent for the compound two years later, although at the time it had no specific application in mind for the compound. Like MDA, MDMA was essentially "left on the shelf until the 1950s, when animal studies on the compound were conducted... 

SYNTHESIS A total of 30 mL butylamine was introduced under the surface of 33 mL concentrated HC1, and the mixture stripped of volatiles under vacuum. The resulting glassy solid was dissolved in 160 mL MeOH and treated with 7.2 g 3,4-methylenedioxyphenylacetone (see under MDMA for its preparation). T o this there was added 50% NaOH dropwise until the pH was at about 6 as determined by the use of external dampened universal pH paper. The solution was vigorously stirred and 2.8 g sodium cyanoborohydride was added. Concentrated HC1 was added as... 

SYNTHESIS To a well stirred and cooled solution of 14.75 g isopropylamine in 100 mL MeOH there was added 4.45 g of 3,4-methylenedioxyphenylacetone (see under MDMA for its preparation) followed by a 1 1 mixture of concentrated HCL and MeOH, sufficient to bring the pH to about 4. This was followed with 1.1 g sodium cyanoboiohydride, and stirring was continued overnight. When the pH... 

SYNTHESIS A solution of 10.5 g propargylamine hydrochloride in 40 mLMeOH was treated with 2.0 g 3,4-methylenedioxyphenylacetone (see under MDMA for its preparation) followed by 0.55 g sodium cyanoborohydride. Concentrated HC1 was added as needed, to keep the pH constant at about 6. The reaction seemed to progress very slowly. After about five days, the reaction mixture was added to 400 of H20,... 

Because of its easy synthesis, PCP is frequently used as either an additive in drugs such as MDMA, cocaine, and methamphetamine, or substituted for and... 

The first reported synthesis of MDMA was from safrole by converting it to its bromo derivative followed by reaction with meth-ylamine (Biniecki et al., 1960). Bailey et al. describe the synthesis of MDMA from 3,4-methylenedioxyphenylacetone using a Leuckart reaction with N-methylformamide and hydrolysis of the N-formyl derivative (Bailey et al., 1975). A third synthesis for MDMA described in the literature starts with peperonal which is reacted with nitroethane, ammonium acetate, and acetic acid to form a nitrostyrene derivative that is reduced to the ketone and then reacted with methylamine to form MDMA (Rabjohns, 1963). Using the method of Borch et al., MDMA can be synthesized by the reductive amination of the appropriate ketone in the presence of sodium cyanoborohydride (Borch et al., 1971). The MDMA syntheses used in clandestine laboratories are analogous. 

Spring Grove Hospital, 33 Stafford collection, 15 Stafford, Peter, 44 Stark, Ron, 87 Steinberg, Saul, 87 Steindl-Rast, David, 84 stereoisomers, 66 Stevens, Jay, 60 stimulant properties, 41 Stolaroff, Myron, 15,20 Storming Heaven LSD and the American Dream, 60 Stormy Search for the Self, 29 stress reduction, 68,71,76,81 striychnine, 50 strippers, 62 Sudafed, 66 suicide, 76,78,82 Sunshine acid, 87 sweating, 69 synapses, 48 synergies, 48,86 synthesis of MDMA, 86 synthetic psychedelics, 44,50 Syrian rue, 43... 

Synthesis of macrobicyclic MDma(BR)2 complexes (where M is nickel (paramagnetic), iron and cobalt ions R is CeHs and re-C4H9) was reported by Umland and coworkers [38]. However, the formation of nickel complexes of this type was not further confirmed. 

Methamphetamine often serves as the parent compound for synthesis of new designer drugs (Bost 1988 Buchanan and Brown 1988). Currently, one of the more popular designer drugs is MDMA, also known as ecstasy. MDMA is the methylated derivative of the amphetamine analog methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), a prototype of the hallucinogenic amphetamine drugs (Bost 1988). MDMA is relatively easy to synthesize... 

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