McIntosh apples

The phenolics ( + )catechin and (— )epicatechin are common flavanols in several fruits (128). Apples and pears contain other phenolic compounds such as quinic, shikimic, chlorogenic, and caffeic acids (39). Durkee and Poapst (162) reported that the two major phenolic constituents of core tissues and seeds of McIntosh apples were chlorogenic acid and phloridzin. After hydrolysis of extracts from core tissues, the identified phenolics were phloretin, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, phloretic acid, and trace amounts of ferulic acid. Studies have shown that apple leucoanthocyanins yield catechin, epicatechin, cyanidin, and pelargonidin after hydrolysis (163, 164). Van Buren et al. (164) also reported that a purified leucoanthocyanin from apples was either a dimer or oligomer containing ( —) epicatechin, and 5,7,3, 4 -flavin-3,4-diol. 

An extensive list of volatile compounds in apples and other fruits was included in a review by Nursten (222). White (223) reported that the principal components of the aroma of apples were alcohols (92% ) methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, 2-methyl-l-propa-nol, 2-methyl-l-butanol, and 1-hexanol. The other constituents included 6% carbonyl compounds and 2% esters. Later, MacGregor et al. (224) tentatively identified 30 volatile components of McIntosh apple juice including four aldehydes, one ketone, 11 alcohols, 10 esters, and four fatty acids. The major organic volatiles in several different extractants of Delicious apple essence were identified and quantitatively estimated by Schultz et al. (225). They reported from sensory tests that low molecular weight alcohols contributed little to apple aroma. Flath et al. (226) identified... 

The effect of various doses of radiation upon the internal ethylene concentration of climacteric McIntosh apples for the 10-day postirradiation period is indicated in Figure 2. Increases in ethylene concentration at doses of 5 and 10 krads were obtained immediately. At 50 and 100 krads there was an initial reduction in concentration and a subsequent rise, followed by a rather sharp decline. Experiments conducted by irradiating the fruit under anaerobic conditions indicate that whereas some of the destruction may be oxidative in nature, a considerable amount may take place under reducing conditions. 

Figure 2. Effect of radiation dose on internal ethylene concentration in McIntosh apples...

At a farmers market, there is a barrel filled with apples. In the barrel are 40 Fuji apples, 24 Gala apples, 12 Red Delicious apples, 24 Golden Delicious, and 20 McIntosh apples. If a customer reaches into the barrel and selects an apple without looking, what is the probability that she will pick a Fuji or a McIntosh apple ... 

Now find the probability that someone will pick a McIntosh apple the probability of picking a McIntosh apple =... 

Robinson, D.E. and W.J. Lord (1970). Response of McIntosh apple trees to soil incorporated simazine. J. Amer. Soc. Hortic. Sci., 95 195-199. 

Table II Effect of Ethephon, Alone and in Combinations with Daminozide and Auxin, on Abscission, Firmness and color of McIntosh Apples (From Edgerton and Blanpied (29))...

Concentrated apple juice from McIntosh apples... 

McIntosh apples peeled and sliced, cooked 3 to 4 min to soften, hot-packed with 50% rup in Ball Ideal pint jars, 5/16-in. headspace, processed 10 min in boiling water. 

Figure 2. Volatile profile of apple juice manufactured by the Ultrapress process using McIntosh apples.

Bramlage WJ, Bareford PH, Blanpied GD, Dewey DH, Taylor S, Porritt SW, Lougheed EC, Smith WH, McNicholas FS (1977) Carbon dioxide treatment for McIntosh apples before CA storage. J Am Soc Hortic Sci 102 658-662... 

Durkee, A.B., and Poapst, P.A., 1965, Phenolic constituents in core tissues and ripe seed of McIntosh apples, J. Agric. Food Chem., 13 137. 

Fi . A 33 McIntosh Apples, (Courtesy, National Film Board of Canada)... 

Brown E R, McIntosh K A, Smith F W, Manfra M J and Dennis C L 1993 Measurements of optical-heterodyne conversion in low-temperature grown GaAs Appl. Rhys. Lett. 62 1206-8... 

AUcock HR, Hartle TJ, McIntosh MB, Sunderland NJ, Prange R, Taylor JP (2000) PTC Int Appl WO, 00 71,589, assigned to The Penn State Research Foundation... 

Allen NT, Goodall BL, and McIntosh, LH (2007) (Rohm and Haas Company). US Patent AppIicationU.S. Pat. Appl. Publ. (2007), Rohm and Haas Company,. US 20070049712 A1... 

McIntosh, Gala, Granny Smith—the names of many apple cultivars are familiar to us all. But there is much more to choosing apple trees than liking the name. 

McIntosh T. K., Saatman K. E., Raghupathi R., Graham D. I., Smith D. H., Lee V. M., and Trojanowski J. Q. (1998). The molecular and cellular sequelae of experimental traumatic brain injury pathogenetic mechanisms. Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol. 24 251-267. 

McIntosh AH, Ignoffo CM, Carlo M (1988), Effect of larval extract and protease K on the in vitro infectivity of Heliothis zea nonoccluded and alkali-liberated virions, Appl. Ent. Zool. 23 175-180. 

McClure GL (1987) In Willis HA, van der Maas JH, Miller RGJ (eds) Laboratory Methods in Vibrational Spectroscopy. John Wiley, London McDaniel RV, McLaughlin (1985) Biochim Biophys Acta 819 153 McDonald RS, Wilks PA (1989) Appl Spectrosc Rev 22 335 McDowell RS, Patterson CW, Owyoung A (1980) J Chem Phys 72 1071 Mclnto.sch TJ, McDaniel RV, Simon SA (1983) Biochim Biophys Acta 731 109 McIntosh D, Ozin GA (1977) Inorg Chem 16 51 McIntosh DF, Peterson MR (1977) QCPE 11 342... 

SUSCEPTIBILITY. The varieties Gala, Cox s Orange Pippin, Gloster, Idared, Summerred and McIntosh are highly susceptible to apple canker. 

Ignoffo, C.M., Garcia, C., McIntosh, A.H., Grasela, J.J., and Saathoff, S.G., 2001. Effects of viral rate and feeding time on mortality of early-, mid-, and late-stadium larvae of Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) fed Baculovirus heliothis. Appl. Entomol. Zool., 36 121-125. 

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